Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure and location of a typical prokaryotic chromosome?

Accepted Answer

It is circular and found in the nucleoid region of the cell.

Question 2

During DNA replication in prokaryotes, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 3

A scientist is studying a bacterium that is haploid. What does 'haploid' mean in this context?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium has a single set of chromosomes.

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA replication is typically faster and occurs at a single origin, while eukaryotic replication occurs at multiple origins.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Carrying essential genes for cell survival

Question 6

A mutation occurs in a bacterial gene due to exposure to UV light. This is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An induced mutation

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a microbial cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 8

During transcription in bacteria, which enzyme synthesizes the RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation $$\rightarrow$$ Elongation $$\rightarrow$$ Termination

Question 10

Which type of horizontal gene transfer involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 11

A bacteriophage transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences.

Question 13

In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is the purpose of the denaturation step?

Accepted Answer

To separate the double-stranded DNA into single strands

Question 14

Which enzyme is used in PCR due to its ability to withstand high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Taq DNA polymerase

Question 15

A scientist wants to clone a gene into a plasmid. Which sequence of steps is correct?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion $$\rightarrow$$ Ligation $$\rightarrow$$ Transformation

Question 16

Gel electrophoresis is used in recombinant DNA technology to:

Accepted Answer

Separate DNA fragments by size

Question 17

Which of the following is a major goal of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To create organisms with new combinations of genetic material

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder. Which recombinant DNA technology technique could be used to detect the presence of a specific gene mutation?

Accepted Answer

Southern blot

Question 19

Which of the following is a broad application of PCR?

Accepted Answer

Gene amplification for research and diagnostics

Question 20

A bacterial cell receives a plasmid carrying antibiotic resistance genes from another cell via direct contact. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Microbial Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology: Study Guide

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