Q: If a restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence $$5'\text{GAATTC}\ 3'$$ and cuts between G and A, what would be the resulting sticky ends?

$$5'\text{G}\ 3'$$ and $5'\text{AATTC}\ 3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary evidence used to classify organisms into the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences

Question 2

A researcher uses a restriction enzyme to cut both a plasmid and a foreign DNA fragment. Which property of restriction enzymes makes them suitable for this process?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences

Question 3

In DNA fingerprinting, after running a gel electrophoresis, you observe several bands. What does the pattern of bands represent?

Accepted Answer

The lengths of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzyme digestion

Question 4

Which of the following best defines biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

The use of living organisms or their products to modify or improve human health and environment

Question 5

A scientist wants to select for E. coli cells that have been transformed with a recombinant plasmid containing an antibiotic resistance gene. Which method would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Grow the cells on a medium containing the antibiotic

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for constructing a genomic library?

Accepted Answer

Isolate genomic DNA, cut with restriction enzymes, ligate fragments into vectors, transform host cells

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the exponential amplification of DNA during PCR, where $$n is $$the number of cycles?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 8

Gene silencing can be achieved by introducing which of the following into a cell?

Accepted Answer

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)

Question 9

Which ethical concern is most commonly associated with bioengineering and recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

The potential for unintended consequences in genetically modified organisms

Question 10

Which mechanism of genetic change involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 11

A bacterium acquires a new gene from a virus that infects it. Which mechanism is responsible for this genetic change?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes conjugation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of DNA via a pilus from one cell to another

Question 13

A mutation occurs in a bacterial gene, changing a single nucleotide. Which type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Question 14

A researcher wants to amplify a specific DNA sequence using PCR. Which of the following steps must occur first?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation of the DNA

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant plasmids in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Production of human insulin in bacteria

Question 16

If a restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence $$5'	ext{GAATTC}\ 3'$$ and cuts between G and A, what would be the resulting sticky ends?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{G}\ 3'$$ and $5'	ext{AATTC}\ 3'$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why Archaea are classified separately from Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have unique membrane lipids and distinct ribosomal RNA sequences

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by a strain that acquired resistance through conjugation. What is the most likely explanation for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium received a plasmid carrying resistance genes from another bacterium

Question 19

Which step in PCR is responsible for the specificity of DNA amplification?

Accepted Answer

Annealing of primers

Question 20

A scientist is constructing a genomic library and wants to ensure that all genes are represented. Which factor is most important to maximize coverage?

Accepted Answer

Using multiple restriction enzymes to cut the DNA

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