Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for relieving supercoiling during DNA replication in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

DNA gyrase

Question 2

During DNA replication, what is the direction of synthesis by DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the central dogma is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA is transcribed from DNA and then translated into protein

Question 4

What is the role of the RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It provides a 3' OH group for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis

Question 5

Which type of chromosome and number of origins of replication (ORI) are typically found in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Linear chromosomes with multiple ORIs

Question 6

In the process of transcription, which enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental and one new strand

Question 8

What is the function of proofreading activity in DNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

To ensure fidelity by correcting mismatched nucleotides

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication → RNA transcription → Protein translation

Question 10

A mutation occurs in the gene encoding DNA gyrase in a bacterium. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired relief of supercoiling during DNA replication

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T, C = G$$

Question 12

If a DNA template strand has the sequence 5'-TTT GGT AAT GCA GTT-3', what is the sequence of the RNA transcribed from this template?

Accepted Answer

5'-AAA CCA UUA CGU CAA-3'

Question 13

Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It can initiate DNA synthesis without a template

Question 14

In bacteria, what is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a ribosomal binding site for translation initiation

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the coupling of transcription and translation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are coupled and can occur simultaneously

Question 16

A researcher isolates a eukaryotic mRNA and finds it has a 5' cap and a poly-A tail. What is the significance of these modifications?

Accepted Answer

They protect mRNA from degradation and aid in translation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between monocistronic and polycistronic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Monocistronic mRNA encodes one protein; polycistronic mRNA encodes multiple proteins

Question 18

Which equation represents the directionality of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 19

A bacterial cell is exposed to a chemical that inhibits RNA polymerase. What is the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of DNA into RNA will be inhibited

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of a mutation that disables the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Decreased fidelity of DNA replication and increased mutation rate

Exam 2 (Lecture 9) Microbial Genetics: Central Dogma and DNA Replication

Study Guide - Practice Questions