Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A gene is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product, usually a protein or sometimes an RNA.

Question 3

During transcription, which DNA strand does RNA polymerase use as a template?

Accepted Answer

The template strand, which is read in the 3′ → 5′ direction.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes RNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction and does not require a primer.

Question 5

A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene. Which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription, because RNA polymerase may not bind efficiently.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the type of RNA with its function?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Question 7

During eukaryotic RNA processing, which of the following events occurs?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are joined to form mature mRNA.

Question 8

If the coding strand of DNA has the sequence 5′-ATG CCA TGA-3′, what is the sequence of the mRNA produced?

Accepted Answer

5′-AUG CCA UGA-3′

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of a terminator sequence in DNA?

Accepted Answer

It signals RNA polymerase to stop transcription and release the RNA molecule.

Question 10

A scientist is studying a prokaryotic cell and observes a protein that helps RNA polymerase recognize the promoter. This protein is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Sigma (σ) factor

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate synthesis, while RNA polymerase does not.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why RNA is synthesized in the 5′ → 3′ direction?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3′-OH end of the growing RNA strand.

Question 13

A mutation causes a tRNA molecule to have an incorrect anticodon. What is the most likely consequence during translation?

Accepted Answer

The tRNA may pair with the wrong codon, leading to the incorporation of an incorrect amino acid.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Adding a poly-A tail to the 3′ end of mRNA.

Question 15

In eukaryotic cells, which molecule is directly produced by transcription before any processing occurs?

Accepted Answer

pre-mRNA

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between codons and anticodons?

Accepted Answer

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that pair with complementary anticodons on tRNA.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a defect in the removal of introns from pre-mRNA. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing, resulting in abnormal or nonfunctional mature mRNA.

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between DNA replication and transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication copies the entire chromosome, while transcription copies only a gene.

Question 20

A researcher is analyzing a newly discovered RNA molecule that acts as an enzyme to remove introns from pre-mRNA. This molecule is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

Ribozyme

chapter 8 part 3 study guide

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