Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A gene is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product, usually a protein or sometimes an RNA.

Question 3

During transcription, which DNA strand does RNA polymerase use as a template?

Accepted Answer

The template strand, which is read in the $$3' \rightarrow 5'$$ direction.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes RNA in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction and does not require a primer.

Question 5

A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene. Which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription, because RNA polymerase may not bind efficiently.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between the coding strand and the template strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The coding strand has the same sequence as the RNA (except T is replaced by U), while the template strand is read by RNA polymerase.

Question 7

During eukaryotic RNA processing, which of the following events occurs?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are joined to form mature mRNA.

Question 8

Which type of RNA contains codons that are read during translation?

Accepted Answer

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 9

A scientist is studying a new antibiotic that inhibits the function of ribosomes. Which process will be directly affected in bacteria exposed to this antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Translation, because ribosomes are required to synthesize proteins from mRNA.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the enzyme with its function during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix.

Question 11

A tRNA molecule has the anticodon $$5'	ext{UAC}3'. $$Which mRNA codon will it pair with during translation?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG}3'$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate synthesis, while RNA polymerase does not.

Question 13

Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 14

A mutation causes a premature stop codon to appear in the mRNA. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A truncated (shortened) protein will be produced during translation.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why RNA is synthesized in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are added to the 3' hydroxyl group of the growing RNA chain.

Question 16

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following is NOT a function of ribozymes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA during replication

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the sigma ($$\sigma) $$factor in prokaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

It helps RNA polymerase recognize and bind to the promoter region.

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. Which process is most directly responsible for producing the abnormal protein associated with this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Translation, because the mutated mRNA is used to build the abnormal protein.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about gene expression is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression includes both transcription and translation.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct base pairing during transcription?

Accepted Answer

A in DNA pairs with U in RNA.

Chapter 8 Part 2 study guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards