Q: Which base pairing is correct according to the rules of DNA complementarity?

$$\text{Adenine}$$ pairs with $$\text{Thymine}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype in a microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the entire genetic material representing potential properties, while phenotype is the actual expressed properties of an organism.

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of nucleotides, each containing a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

Question 4

In prokaryotes, the chromosome is typically:

Accepted Answer

Circular and found in the cytoplasm

Question 5

Which base pairing is correct according to the rules of DNA complementarity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Adenine}$$ pairs with $$	ext{Thymine}$$

Question 6

What is the direction of synthesis for a new DNA strand during replication?

Accepted Answer

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 8

A mutation changes a DNA sequence from $$5'	ext{-ATG-3'} to$$ $$5'	ext{-ATA-3'}. $$Using the genetic code, what is the effect on the encoded amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The codon changes from methionine to isoleucine.

Question 9

Which process describes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

Why is DNA replication described as 'semiconservative'?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end, so synthesis occurs in fragments away from the replication fork.

Question 12

Which of the following codons is the start codon for translation in most organisms?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$

Question 13

If a DNA strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-CGTATG-3'}$$, what is the complementary DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-GCATAC-5'}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of genes?

Accepted Answer

They code for functional products such as proteins or RNAs.

Question 15

Which process is responsible for converting the genetic code into an amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the antiparallel nature of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3' and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 19

A scientist isolates a nucleic acid with ribose sugar and uracil as a base. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

They connect the nitrogenous bases of opposite strands.

Microbial Genetics: Structure and Function of Genetic Material

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