Question 1

Which scientist's X-ray diffraction photo was crucial in revealing the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 2

What are the correct base-pairing rules in DNA according to Chargaff's findings?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, G pairs with C

Question 3

Which component is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 4

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-TGCATCAGA-3', what is the complementary RNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-ACGUAGUCU-3'

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA organization?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes, eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes

Question 6

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon

Question 7

Which codon is recognized as the universal start codon for translation?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 8

What is the role of helicase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Unwinds the DNA double helix

Question 9

Which of the following statements about introns and exons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exons encode proteins, introns are noncoding

Question 10

Which process describes the conversion of genetic information from DNA to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 11

Which organelle contains its own DNA separate from the nuclear genome?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 13

Which of the following is a stop codon in mRNA translation?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 14

If a bacterial genome contains 580,079 base pairs, how many nucleotides does it have?

Accepted Answer

$580,079$

Question 15

Which molecule is responsible for copying the genetic code from DNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic DNA packing is more complex than prokaryotic DNA packing?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic DNA is bound with large amounts of protein and organized into multiple linear chromosomes

Question 17

During translation, what is the function of the anticodon on tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It matches with the codon on mRNA to ensure the correct amino acid is added

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a step in translation?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 19

What is the main genetic element in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements about gene expression is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression is regulated and only some genes are expressed at any given time

Microbial Genetics: Structure and Function of DNA

Study Guide - Practice Questions