Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

DNA helicase

Question 2

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized discontinuously, resulting in the formation of Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

Lagging strand

Question 3

A mutation that results in the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame of a gene, is called:

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', the other runs 3' to 5'

Question 5

In the process of transcription, which base in RNA pairs with adenine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 6

Which type of horizontal gene transfer involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 7

A conjugative plasmid is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A plasmid that carries genes for sex pili and transfer

Question 8

Which of the following codons is the start codon for translation?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 9

If a DNA sequence is 5'-TACTTCAAAGCGATT-3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence after transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGAAGUUUCGCUAA-3'

Question 10

Which process involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 11

A base substitution that results in a premature stop codon is called:

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 12

Which enzyme removes RNA primers during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

RNase

Question 13

What is the role of stabilizing proteins during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They hold DNA strands apart for replication enzymes

Question 14

Which of the following is true about plasmids?

Accepted Answer

They are small, circular DNA molecules outside the chromosome

Question 15

During translation, how many nucleotides make up a codon?

Accepted Answer

Three

Question 16

Which of the following best describes vertical gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of genes from parent to offspring during reproduction

Question 17

A bacterial cell acquires resistance to an antibiotic by receiving an R factor plasmid from another cell. Which genetic transfer mechanism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are 64 codons that encode 20 amino acids

Question 19

A mutation occurs in a bacterial gene, changing the codon GAA to GUA. If GAA codes for glutamic acid and GUA codes for valine, what type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 20

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Microbial Genetics: Structure, Function, and Genetic Exchange in Microorganisms

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