Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the semiconservative nature of DNA replication in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix at the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 3

A strand of DNA has the sequence $$5'\ ATGGAGGGGGTGCCA\ 3'. $$What would the complementary DNA strand look like?

Accepted Answer

$$3'\ TACCTCCCCCACGGT\ 5'$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for DNA replication in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 5

In the process of bacterial conjugation, what is the role of the F plasmid?

Accepted Answer

It allows the donor cell to form a sex pilus and transfer genetic material.

Question 6

Which type of genetic transfer in bacteria involves the uptake of 'naked' DNA from the environment?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 7

During transcription in prokaryotes, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to initiate transcription.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the type of RNA with its function?

Accepted Answer

tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Question 9

Given the DNA template strand $$3'\ TACCTCCCCCACGGT\ 5'$$, what would the mRNA sequence be after transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'\ AUGGAGGGGGUGCCA\ 3'$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that results in a codon specifying a different amino acid

Question 11

What is the effect of a frameshift mutation on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

It usually results in a nonfunctional protein due to alteration of all codons downstream.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the lac operon in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

The lac operon is induced when lactose is present and glucose is absent.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 14

In translation, what is the role of the A site on the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It is where the next incoming tRNA carrying an amino acid binds.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in the activation of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

Low glucose, high lactose

Question 16

A bacterium is exposed to a mutagen that causes the insertion of a single nucleotide into a gene. What type of mutation is this and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation; likely nonfunctional protein

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the operator region in a prokaryotic operon?

Accepted Answer

It controls the expression of structural genes by binding the repressor protein.

Question 18

Which process involves the transfer of bacterial DNA from one cell to another via a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about constitutive genes in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They are always transcribed and translated for routine cell functions.

Question 20

A mutation changes a codon from $$UAC ($$tyrosine) to $$UAA ($$stop). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Microbial Genetics: Structure, Function, and Regulation of Genetic Material

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