$$\text{Prevalence Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of existing cases}}{\text{Total population}} \times 100$$

$$\text{Incidence Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of new cases}}{\text{Population at risk}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common in women than men?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and located closer to the anus, facilitating bacterial transfer.

Question 2

A patient presents with sudden onset of pain, frequent urges to urinate, dysuria, cloudy urine, and low-grade fever. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis

Question 3

Which microorganism is responsible for approximately 80% of urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 4

Which of the following is a major complication of untreated gonorrhea in women?

Accepted Answer

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) leading to infertility or ectopic pregnancy

Question 5

Which equation best represents the prevalence rate of a disease in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prevalence Rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of existing cases}}{	ext{Total population}} 	imes 100$$

Question 6

Which sexually transmitted infection is the most common reportable infectious disease in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Question 7

A woman presents with a fishy-smelling vaginal discharge but no significant inflammation. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella species

Question 8

Which of the following is a frequent sequela of female chlamydial infection?

Accepted Answer

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about genital herpes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause genital herpes depending on the type of contact.

Question 10

Which equation best represents the incidence rate of a disease?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Incidence Rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of new cases}}{	ext{Population at risk}} 	imes 100$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic sign of primary syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Hard, painless chancre at the site of entry

Question 12

Which stage of syphilis is associated with the development of gummas and neurological symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary syphilis

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding HPV infection and cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by HPV.

Question 14

Which of the following is recommended for prevention of neonatal group B Streptococcus disease?

Accepted Answer

Screening pregnant women at 35–37 weeks and treating positives with antibiotics

Question 15

A patient presents with intensely painful vesicles on the genitalia, malaise, and fever. Which infection is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Genital herpes

Question 16

Which of the following is a common opportunistic cause of vaginitis, especially after broad-spectrum antibiotic use?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans

Question 17

Which of the following is a major risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infections in women?

Accepted Answer

Proximity of the urethral opening to the anus

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the Gardasil vaccine?

Accepted Answer

It is recommended for girls and boys as young as age 9.

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of trichomoniasis compared to other vaginal infections?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a white to green frothy discharge

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which bacterial vaginosis can lead to infertility?

Accepted Answer

Formation of scar tissue in the fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease

Microbial Infections of the Genitourinary System: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Features

Study Guide - Practice Questions