Q: Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction in microbial metabolism?

The conversion of NAD\textsuperscript{+} to NADH by accepting electrons.

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down larger molecules into smaller products and release energy, while anabolic pathways synthesize large molecules from smaller products and require energy.

Question 2

What is the ultimate function of metabolism in a microbial cell?

Accepted Answer

To reproduce the organism.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of NAD	extsuperscript{+} to NADH by accepting electrons.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 + 38ADP + 38P_i \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38ATP$

Question 5

During glycolysis, which process is responsible for the direct formation of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 6

A bacterium is found to use the Entner-Doudoroff pathway instead of glycolysis. What is a likely consequence of this metabolic choice?

Accepted Answer

It will produce fewer molecules of ATP per glucose molecule than glycolysis.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why feedback inhibition is important in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the overproduction of pathway products by inhibiting the first enzyme in the pathway.

Question 8

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Question 9

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate binding.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way cells phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolytic phosphorylation

Question 11

In the Calvin-Benson cycle, what is the primary function of ATP and NADPH?

Accepted Answer

To fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about chemiosmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses a proton gradient across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 13

Which metabolic pathway is most likely to be used by a microbe when oxygen is not available?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of an amphibolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that can function in both catabolism and anabolism.

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

6 NADH

Question 16

A bacterium is found to lack cytochrome c oxidase. Which test would most likely be negative for this organism?

Accepted Answer

Oxidase test

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of electron carrier molecules such as NAD	extsuperscript{+} and FAD in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They transfer electrons from one molecule to another during redox reactions.

Question 18

Which nutritional type uses light energy and CO$_2$ as its carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 19

Which process is responsible for regenerating NAD	extsuperscript{+} in fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of pyruvate to fermentation products

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a sulfa drug that acts as a competitive inhibitor for the enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis. What is the likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to synthesize DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Microbial Metabolism: An Overview

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