Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction of aerobic respiration in most cells?

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fundamental difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy, while catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

ATP is often described as the 'energy currency' of the cell. Which statement best explains its role as an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy released from catabolic reactions and provides energy for anabolic reactions.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzyme specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme specificity is determined by the shape of the enzyme's active site, which fits only specific substrates.

Question 4

A researcher observes that an enzyme's activity increases with temperature up to a point, then sharply decreases. What is the most likely explanation for the decrease in activity at higher temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme denatures, losing its three-dimensional structure and active site.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction of aerobic respiration in most cells?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in enzyme regulation?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme involved early in the pathway.

Question 7

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 8

Which statement correctly describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is reduced to NADH, carrying electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 9

A bacterium is found to use the pentose phosphate pathway. What is a major function of this pathway?

Accepted Answer

Generation of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate for biosynthetic reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme's active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site.

Question 11

In the electron transport chain, how do electrons move from NADH to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Electrons pass through a series of protein complexes, releasing energy to pump protons across the membrane.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP generation during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain.

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in yeast cells?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 14

Which equation represents the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$2\mathrm{H_2O} + 2\mathrm{NADP^+} + 3\mathrm{ADP} + 3\mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{NADPH} + 2\mathrm{H^+} + 3\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{O_2}$

Question 15

Which statement best explains why glucose is an important molecule for organisms?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a primary source of energy, as its breakdown releases ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of coenzymes in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes by transferring chemical groups or electrons.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that impairs the Krebs cycle. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Generation of NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which statement correctly compares cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Noncyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP, NADPH, and O2, while cyclic produces only ATP.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of the use of biochemical tests in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

Identifying bacterial species such as Pseudomonas and Escherichia based on their metabolic pathways.

Microbial Metabolism and Bioenergetics: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards