Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction of aerobic respiration in microbes?

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy, while catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$2$

Question 3

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle that is directly involved in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 4

A microbiologist is testing a bacterial sample for its ability to ferment glucose. Which product would indicate fermentation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and lactic acid

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction of aerobic respiration in microbes?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 6

Which metabolic pathway is common to both aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 7

In anaerobic respiration, which molecule can serve as a final electron acceptor instead of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Nitrate ($\mathrm{NO_3^-}$)

Question 8

A bacterial species is identified by its ability to produce gas bubbles in a Durham tube during glucose fermentation. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria are producing carbon dioxide as a fermentation product.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy currency, transferring energy from catabolic to anabolic reactions.

Question 10

During the Krebs cycle, how many molecules of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ are released per molecule of acetyl-CoA oxidized?

Accepted Answer

$2$

Question 11

A patient’s wound culture grows bacteria that produce lactic acid but not ethanol. Which metabolic process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 13

Which biochemical test is commonly used to identify bacteria based on their ability to ferment lactose?

Accepted Answer

MacConkey agar

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) in aerobic respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

Question 15

A bacterium is found to grow in the absence of oxygen and produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation only. Which metabolic process is it using?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 16

Which step in glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, and what enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Step 1, catalyzed by hexokinase

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules such as nitrate or sulfate.

Question 18

A bacterial cell is tested for its ability to utilize citrate as a sole carbon source. Which metabolic cycle is directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents the net reaction of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{C_3H_6O_3}$

Question 20

Which metabolic strategy generates the most ATP per molecule of glucose in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Microbial Metabolism: Cellular Pathways and Biochemical Identification

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