Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Q: Which of the following equations represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down large molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to synthesize large molecules from smaller ones.

Question 2

A bacterium that uses sunlight as its energy source and carbon dioxide as its carbon source is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy} ightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 4

During aerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 5

Which process allows certain bacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen ($$\mathrm{N_2$}) $$into ammonia ($$\mathrm{NH_3$}) $$usable by plants?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 6

A microbe living near a hydrothermal vent uses hydrogen sulfide as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source. What is its nutritional classification?

Accepted Answer

Chemolithoautotroph

Question 7

Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bond between its second and third phosphate groups.

Question 8

In fermentation, what is the primary purpose of transferring electrons from NADH to an organic molecule such as pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue

Question 9

Which of the following best explains how enzymes speed up chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for the reaction.

Question 10

A mutation causes a microbe’s enzyme to lose its allosteric site. Which regulatory mechanism would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Allosteric regulation

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition in a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A product of the pathway binds to the first enzyme and decreases its activity.

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 14

A compost pile becomes hot during decomposition. What is the primary reason for this temperature increase?

Accepted Answer

Some energy from microbial metabolism is lost as heat during the breakdown of organic matter.

Question 15

Which of the following is a unique metabolic capability of certain Archaea but not found in plants or animals?

Accepted Answer

Methanogenesis

Question 16

A microbe is found to use nitrate ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}) as a $$terminal electron acceptor in the absence of oxygen. Which metabolic process is this microbe performing?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of coupling reactions in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to drive the synthesis of a protein.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in lowering activation energy ($$E_a$$)?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes bind to substrates and stabilize the transition state, making it easier for the reaction to proceed.

Question 20

A bacterium is found to survive in extremely acidic hot springs. Which property of its enzymes most likely allows it to thrive in this environment?

Accepted Answer

Its enzymes are adapted to function optimally at high temperatures and low pH.

lec 16:Microbial Metabolism: Classification, Energy Pathways, and Enzyme Function

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