Question 1

Which of the following best describes an amphibolic reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that can proceed in either direction, serving both catabolic and anabolic functions

Question 2

Sulfanilamide inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with folic acid synthesis. What type of enzyme inhibition does sulfanilamide represent?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 3

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Which of the following is the net ATP yield per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cells perform fermentation?

Accepted Answer

To replenish NAD$$^+$$ for glycolysis when oxygen is unavailable

Question 5

Which enzyme protects organisms from superoxide radicals ($$\mathrm{O_2$^-}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Superoxide dismutase

Question 6

A bacterial culture starts with $$100$$ cells. If the population doubles every $$30$$ minutes, how many cells will there be after $$3$$ hours?

Accepted Answer

$$100 	imes 2^6$ = 6400$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses energy from electron transport to generate ATP via chemiosmosis

Question 8

Which phase of microbial growth is characterized by rapid cell division and maximum metabolic activity?

Accepted Answer

Log (exponential) phase

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative nature of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one parental strand and one new strand

Question 10

Ames test is used to detect:

Accepted Answer

The mutagenic potential of a chemical

Question 11

Which of the following is a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that changes a codon to code for a different amino acid

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the bacterial pilus in conjugation?

Accepted Answer

It transfers DNA from one cell to another by direct contact

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of obligate anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

They are killed by oxygen and lack enzymes to detoxify reactive oxygen species

Question 15

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme in the pathway

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

It is an inducible operon activated in the presence of lactose

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of biofilms in clinical settings?

Accepted Answer

They protect bacteria from environmental stress and antibiotics

Question 18

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is generated directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of exposure to a mutagen?

Accepted Answer

Increased frequency of mutations in DNA

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes, eukaryotes have linear chromosomes

Microbial Metabolism, Growth, and Genetics: Study Guide (Chapters 5-7)

Study Guide - Practice Questions