Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are required in large amounts for cell structure and function, while micronutrients are needed in small amounts for enzyme activity and cofactors.

Question 2

Which of the following is a high-energy bond commonly used by bacteria to store energy?

Accepted Answer

Phosphoanhydride bond in ATP

Question 3

Chemolithotrophy is specific to which domain of life?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

During glycolysis, what are the net inputs and outputs per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Inputs: 1 glucose, 2 ATP; Outputs: 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP (net 2 ATP)

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly compares fermentation and respiration in microbes?

Accepted Answer

Respiration generates more ATP than fermentation because it uses an electron transport chain.

Question 6

A bacterium is found to use inorganic molecules as its energy source and CO$_2$ as its carbon source. Which term best describes its metabolic type?

Accepted Answer

Chemolithoautotroph

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 8

Which process directly generates ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 9

What is the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in microbial respiration?

Accepted Answer

To generate a proton motive force by transferring electrons through a series of carriers

Question 10

Which of the following best explains how ATP synthase produces ATP?

Accepted Answer

By utilizing the proton motive force to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Question 11

A patient presents with severe dehydration and 'rice water' stool after traveling to a developing country. Which microbe is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio cholerae

Question 12

Which of the following is a key diagnostic test for cholera?

Accepted Answer

Presence of V. cholerae bacilli in 'rice water' stool

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a method of energy conservation in microbes?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond formation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Question 15

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a mutation that disables ATP synthase in a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium will be unable to efficiently produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

NADH donates electrons to the electron transport chain, contributing to the proton motive force.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a redox reaction relevant to microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Glucose} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 18

Which of the following is a major advantage of fermentation for microbes in certain environments?

Accepted Answer

It enables energy production in the absence of oxygen.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key prevention strategy for cholera in endemic areas?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring adequate sewage treatment and safe drinking water

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the proton motive force in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

It drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase.

Microbial Metabolism I & II: Nutrients, Pathways, and Bioenergetics

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