Question 1

Which of the following best describes microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a microorganism.

Question 2

Which of the following is a beneficial use of microbial metabolism in industry?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibiotics by fermentation.

Question 3

What is the primary function of enzymes in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 2\ \mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2\ \mathrm{ADP} + 2\ \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{C_3H_4O_3} + 2\ \mathrm{NADH} + 2\ \mathrm{ATP} + 2\ \mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 5

Which factor would most likely decrease enzyme activity in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A significant decrease in temperature.

Question 6

How do competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

They bind to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 7

Which of the following best defines oxidation in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The loss of electrons from a molecule.

Question 8

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 9

Where is the electron transport chain located in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

In the plasma membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH

Question 11

Which alternative pathway to glycolysis is used by some bacteria and produces NADPH and pentoses?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 12

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$_2$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the products of the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

6 NADH, 2 FADH$_2$, 2 ATP, 4 CO$_2$

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses O$_2$ as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses other inorganic molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a chemoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

An organism that uses inorganic chemicals as an energy source and CO$_2$ as a carbon source.

Question 16

Which of the following is a product of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents the overall process of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ribozymes?

Accepted Answer

They are RNA molecules that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder where their cells cannot efficiently use oxygen. Which pathway would their cells rely on for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nutritional classification with its energy and carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Photoheterotroph: Light energy, organic carbon

Microbial Metabolism: Key Concepts and Processes

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