Q: During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Which of the following is the correct net equation for glycolysis?

$$\text{Glucose} + 2\text{ADP} + 2\text{Pi} \rightarrow 2\text{Pyruvate} + 2\text{ATP} + 2\text{NADH}$$

Q: A bacterial culture starts with 100 cells and undergoes 4 generations of binary fission. How many cells will be present after 4 generations?

$$100 \times 2^4$ = 1600$$ cells

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism releases energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolism consumes energy to build molecules.

Question 2

A bacterial cell is exposed to sulfanilamide, which inhibits folic acid synthesis. What type of enzyme inhibition is this, and how does sulfanilamide act?

Accepted Answer

Sulfanilamide acts as a competitive inhibitor by mimicking the substrate and binding to the active site.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cells perform fermentation under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

To replenish NAD$$^+$$ for glycolysis, allowing continued ATP production.

Question 4

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Which of the following is the correct net equation for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 2	ext{ADP} + 2	ext{Pi} ightarrow 2	ext{Pyruvate} + 2	ext{ATP} + 2	ext{NADH}$$

Question 5

Which enzyme protects bacteria from the toxic effects of superoxide radicals ($$\mathrm{O_2$^-}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Superoxide dismutase

Question 6

A facultative anaerobe is grown in fluid thioglycolate medium (FTM). Where would you expect most growth?

Accepted Answer

Throughout the tube, but more at the top where oxygen is present.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It is a form of asexual reproduction resulting in two genetically identical cells.

Question 8

A bacterial culture starts with 100 cells and undergoes 4 generations of binary fission. How many cells will be present after 4 generations?

Accepted Answer

$$100 	imes 2^4$ = 1600$$ cells

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lag phase in microbial growth?

Accepted Answer

Cells are adapting to their environment and preparing for division.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it during hydrolysis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis to generate ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a toxic form of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Molecular oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative nature of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.

Question 14

Which of the following mutations would most likely result in a truncated protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 15

In the Ames test, what does a positive result indicate?

Accepted Answer

The tested compound causes mutations in bacteria, suggesting potential mutagenicity.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial pilus during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

It transfers DNA from one cell to another by direct contact.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the lac operon in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

It is an inducible operon that is activated in the presence of lactose.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between defined and complex media?

Accepted Answer

Defined media contains known quantities of all ingredients, while complex media contains some ingredients of unknown composition.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is correct?

Accepted Answer

Transformation involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment.

Microbial Metabolism, Nutrition, Growth, and Genetics: Study Guide (Chapters 5-7)

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