Q: Which equation best represents the oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration?

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolic and anabolic reactions in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down complex molecules and release energy, which is used to drive anabolic reactions that build complex molecules.

Question 2

Which component of a holoenzyme is responsible for its catalytic activity, and what is the role of the cofactor?

Accepted Answer

The apoenzyme catalyzes the reaction, and the cofactor assists by stabilizing the enzyme or participating in the reaction.

Question 3

A patient’s body temperature rises to 42°C. Which effect is most likely to occur to their enzymes, and why?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes will denature, losing their three-dimensional structure and catalytic properties due to excessive heat.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the formation of ATP during substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 5

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvic acid molecules

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why competitive inhibitors decrease enzymatic activity?

Accepted Answer

They bind to the enzyme’s active site, preventing the substrate from binding.

Question 7

In aerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 8

Which metabolic pathway is used by heterolactic fermenters to produce both lactic acid and ethanol?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 9

A bacterial cell is placed in an environment with no oxygen but abundant nitrate ($\mathrm{NO_3^-}$). Which type of respiration will it most likely perform, and what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration; nitrate ($\mathrm{NO_3^-}$)

Question 10

Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

The end-product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme near the start of the pathway, preventing overproduction.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the production of ATP in the electron transport chain via the movement of protons across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis

Question 13

Which pathway is used by green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria to fix carbon during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Calvin-Benson cycle

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of photoautotrophs?

Accepted Answer

They use light as an energy source and fix carbon from $\mathrm{CO_2}$ via the Calvin-Benson cycle.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the ATP yield from complete oxidation of one glucose molecule in aerobic prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

38 ATP molecules are produced.

Question 16

Which enzyme class would most likely catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Lipases

Question 17

A scientist is testing a bacterial strain for its ability to ferment glucose. Which result would indicate positive fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Production of acid and gas from glucose

Question 18

Which of the following statements about amphibolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

They integrate both anabolic and catabolic reactions through common intermediates.

Question 19

Which molecule is reduced during lactic acid fermentation, and what is the product?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvic acid is reduced by NADH to lactic acid.

Question 20

Which pathway produces both ATP and NADPH from glucose, and is used to oxidize five-carbon sugars?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

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