Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds chemical compounds and consumes energy (endergonic), while catabolism breaks down chemical compounds and releases energy (exergonic).

Question 2

Why do some antibiotics that target bacteria also affect human mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria evolved from ancestral bacteria and share similar ribosomes and metabolic pathways.

Question 3

What is the proper term to describe the arrangement of spherical bacteria depicted in a chain formation?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus

Question 4

Which statement about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions, allowing them to occur faster.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a holoenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A protein enzyme combined with an organic coenzyme or inorganic cofactor.

Question 6

What is the main function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Providing portable chemical energy for cellular processes.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38ATP}$$

Question 8

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 9

Which step in aerobic respiration directly produces the most NADH and FADH$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

TCA/Krebs cycle

Question 10

What is the role of NAD$$^+$$ and FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They are electron carriers that become reduced to NADH and FADH$$_2.$$

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 12

A mutation causes a bacterium to lack the ability to produce coenzyme A. Which metabolic pathway would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of acetyl-CoA

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why ATP is not used for long-term energy storage in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP molecules are unstable and take up too much space.

Question 14

Which enzyme would most likely require a metal ion cofactor for its activity?

Accepted Answer

Taq polymerase

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP generation during glycolysis

Question 16

If a cell is unable to recycle its enzymes after a reaction, what would be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell would require constant synthesis of new enzymes, reducing efficiency.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A connected sequence of chemical reactions where the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next.

Question 18

Which coenzyme is involved in transferring electrons during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that prevents the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA. Which process will be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

TCA/Krebs cycle

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the importance of generating NADH and FADH$$_2$$ during the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

They provide protons and electrons to the electron transport chain to generate the majority of ATP.

Microbiology 145: Metabolism – Enzymes, Pathways, and Energy

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