Question 1

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They typically have a circular chromosome.

Question 2

A microbiologist observes a chain of spherical bacteria that stain purple with the Gram stain. Which term best describes these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive streptococci

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Food storage

Question 4

A bacterium with a weak or damaged cell wall is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The cell will burst as water enters.

Question 5

Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells but is absent from the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 6

Which membrane transport mechanism requires ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the structure or function of ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, the ribosomes found in chloroplasts and mitochondria are 70S ribosomes, similar to prokaryotic ribosomes.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT found in mitochondria and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 9

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome – food storage

Question 10

Which of the following statements about bacterial cell walls is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an external membrane made of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, and proteins.

Question 11

Which eukaryotic organelle is responsible for the oxidation of amino acids and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 12

A gram-positive bacterium acquires resistance to methicillin. Which process most likely led to this trait?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria from attaching to surfaces

Question 14

Which of the following facts does NOT support the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between spirochetes and spirilla?

Accepted Answer

Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They lack a plasma membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is found in fungi but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 18

Which of the following statements about endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are resistant to extreme conditions.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about membrane transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves materials against the concentration gradient and requires ATP.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires transporter proteins.

Microbiology Cell Structure and Function Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions