Question 1

Which of the following best describes the oxidized and reduced forms of NADH in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is the oxidized form, and NADH is the reduced form.

Question 2

Where is ATP synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

On the plasma membrane in prokaryotes and in the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes.

Question 3

Which major groups of enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Proteases and lipases

Question 4

A reaction that involves both the breakdown and synthesis of molecules is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Amphibolic

Question 5

Production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation occurs in which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane (prokaryotes) and mitochondrial inner membrane (eukaryotes)

Question 6

The conversion of pyruvic acid ($$\mathrm{C}_3) to $$acetyl CoA ($$\mathrm{C}_2) $$takes place in which cellular compartment?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotes and cytoplasm in prokaryotes

Question 7

Which pathway is responsible for the conversion of glucose ($$\mathrm{C}_6) to $$two molecules of pyruvic acid ($$\mathrm{C}_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 8

During the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA ($$\mathrm{C}_2) $$combines with oxaloacetic acid ($$\mathrm{C}_4) to $$form citric acid ($$\mathrm{C}_6). $$Where does this process occur?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotes and cytoplasm in prokaryotes

Question 9

Besides ATP production, what is a major outcome of the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Generation of reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2)

Question 10

The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, such as $$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$, is called:

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 11

The removal of a $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$ group from a molecule is known as:

Accepted Answer

Decarboxylation

Question 12

Which type of cells carry out glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 13

What is the net energy yield (ATP) from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6) to$$ $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$ and $$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} in $$eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

36 ATP

Question 14

Which of the following statements about energy production in living systems is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All energy-yielding pathways produce approximately the same amount of ATP per 1 molecule of glucose.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which glucose can be broken down in cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 16

During the Krebs cycle, which molecule is oxidized to produce energy?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 17

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 18

Glycolysis occurs under which conditions?

Accepted Answer

Both in the presence and absence of oxygen

Question 19

Which of the following best defines chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons across a membrane to generate ATP

Question 20

Which process involves the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate ($$\mathrm{P}_i) $$using energy released from the oxidation of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Microbiology Chapter 5: Cellular Metabolism and Energy Production Study Guide

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