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Microbiology Course Learning Objectives and Key Concepts

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Introduction to Microbiology

  • Discovering Microorganisms
    03:36
  • Introduction to Microbiology
    07:27
  • Introduction to Microbiology Channel
    1:29

Introduction to Taxonomy

  • Introduction to Taxonomy Example 2
    01:37
  • Categorizing Life Based on Energy Acquisition
    06:14
  • Introduction to Taxonomy
    02:23

Scientific Naming of Organisms

  • Scientific Naming of Organisms
    05:22

Members of the Bacterial World

  • Members of the Bacterial World
    06:17

Introduction to Bacteria

  • Introduction to Bacteria
    06:18

Introduction to Archaea

  • Introduction to Archaea
    04:39

Introduction to Eukarya

  • Helminths
    01:27
  • Fungi
    02:49
  • Introduction to Eukarya
    03:28

Scientific Method

  • Scientific Method Example 1
    01:35
  • Basic Theories of Biology
    03:03
  • Scientific Method
    06:29

Experimental Design

  • Variables
    07:21
  • Experimental Design Example 1
    02:50
  • Negative & Positive Controls
    07:42

Introduction to Spontaneous Generation

  • Biogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation
    02:05
  • Introduction to Spontaneous Generation
    05:59

Francesco Redi's Experiments

  • Francesco Redi's Experiments
    05:16

Needham vs. Spallanzani

  • Needham vs. Spallanzani
    05:56
  • Needham vs. Spallanzani Experimental Design
    05:34
  • Spallanzani’s Results Disproved Spontaneous Generation
    07:22

Pasteur's Experiments on Spontaneous Generation

  • Pasteur's Experiments on Spontaneous Generation
    03:50
  • Pasteur’s Swan-Neck Experiment
    05:58

John Tyndall's Experiment

  • John Tyndall's Experiment
    05:48

History of Spontaneous Generation Summarized

  • History of Spontaneous Generation Summarized
    03:56

Introduction to Microscopes

  • Introduction to Microscopes
    06:13

Magnification, Resolution, & Contrast

  • Magnification, Resolution, & Contrast
    07:29

Introduction to Light Microscopy

  • Introduction to Light Microscopy
    02:53

Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes

  • Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes
    03:46
  • Light Microscopy: Bright-Field Microscopes Example 1
    03:41
  • Components & Magnification of the Compound Light Microscope
    06:15

Light Microscopes that Increase Contrast

  • Light Microscopes that Increase Contrast
    02:39
  • Dark-Field Microscopy
    01:52
  • Phase-Contrast Microscopy
    03:27

Light Microscopes that Detect Fluorescence

  • Light Microscopes that Detect Fluorescence
    01:46
  • Fluorescence Microscopes
    02:54
  • Two-Photon Microscope (TPM)
    02:01

Electron Microscopes

  • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
    02:42
  • Electron Microscopes
    03:08
  • Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
    04:23

Reviewing the Different Types of Microscopes

  • Reviewing the Different Types of Microscopes
    05:32

Introduction to Staining

  • Introduction to Staining
    02:10

Simple Staining

  • Simple Staining
    03:23
  • Simple Staining Basic & Acidic Dyes
    05:30

Differential Staining

  • Differential Staining
    04:07

Other Types of Staining

  • Fluorescent Dyes
    02:59
  • Special Staining
    02:56

Gram Stain

  • Gram Stain
    04:57

Introduction to Cultivating Microbial Growth

  • Map of Techniques for Cultivating Microbes
    02:05
  • Introduction to Cultivating Microbial Growth
    03:49

Growing a Pure Culture

  • Growing a Pure Culture
    02:58

Types of Solid Culture Media

  • Types of Solid Culture Media
    03:16

Plating Methods

  • Streak-Plate Method
    05:16
  • Spread-Plate Method vs. Pour-Plate Method
    05:36

Introduction to the Types of Culture Media

  • Introduction to the Types of Culture Media
    02:42

Chemically Defined Media

  • Chemically Defined Media
    01:53

Complex Media

  • Complex Media
    02:59

Selective Media

  • Selective Media
    03:27

Differential Media

  • Differential Media
    04:34

Introduction to Biomolecules

  • Introduction to Biomolecules
    01:17
  • Map of the Lesson on Biomolecules
    01:29

Monomers & Polymers

  • Building & Breaking-Down Polymers
    04:18
  • Monomers & Polymers
    03:42

Carbohydrates

  • Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides
    03:08
  • Carbohydrates
    04:53
  • Carbohydrate Functions
    04:48

Proteins

  • Protein Structure
    08:02
  • Amino Acids
    04:37
  • Proteins
    02:50

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic Acids Example 2
    01:05
  • Formation & Breakdown of Nucleic Acids
    04:07
  • DNA vs. RNA
    05:57

Lipids

  • Steroids & Waxes
    03:31
  • Lipids
    04:19
  • Fatty Acids
    06:59

Cell Envelope & Biological Membranes

  • Cell Envelope & Biological Membranes Example 1
    02:21
  • Biological Membranes
    02:10
  • Intro to Biological Membranes
    06:16

Bacterial & Eukaryotic Cell Membranes

  • Cholesterol in Animal Membranes
    02:38
  • Bacterial & Eukaryotic Cell Membranes
    03:58

Archaeal Cell Membranes

  • Archaeal Cell Membranes
    03:59
  • Types of Archaeal Membrane Lipids
    04:59

Introduction to Membrane Transport

  • Map of the Lesson on Membrane Transport
    02:26
  • Introduction to Membrane Transport
    03:00
  • Which Molecules Freely Cross Membranes?
    05:31

Passive vs. Active Transport

  • Classes of Membrane Transport Proteins
    03:41
  • Passive vs. Active Transport
    05:05

Osmosis

  • Osmosis Example 1
    02:18
  • Osmosis
    05:59
  • Direction of Osmosis
    06:48

Simple and Facilitated Diffusion

  • Simple and Facilitated Diffusion
    04:59
  • Transport Proteins of Facilitated Diffusion
    04:49

Active Transport

  • Secondary Active Transport
    06:57
  • Active Transport
    02:37
  • Primary Active Transport
    02:53

Binary Fission

  • Binary Fission
    02:16
  • Steps of Binary Fission
    04:57

Generation Times

  • Calculating Generation Times
    05:48
  • Generation Times
    02:54

Bacterial Cell Morphology & Arrangements

  • Types of Bacterial Cell Morphology
    02:44
  • Bacterial Cell Morphology & Arrangements
    01:13
  • Bacilli Bacterial Cell Arrangements
    03:56

Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Structure

  • Overview of Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    05:59

Introduction to Bacterial Cell Walls

  • Peptidoglycan
    01:58
  • Types of Bacterial Cell Walls
    02:44
  • Peptidoglycan Structure
    04:44

Gram-Positive Cell Walls

  • Teichoic Acids
    03:58
  • Gram-Positive Cell Walls
    02:59

Gram-Negative Cell Walls

  • Gram-Negative Cell Walls
    3:04
  • Porins
    02:18
  • The Outer Membrane
    02:15

Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls

  • Mnemonic for Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls
    01:41
  • Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls
    04:46

The Glycocalyx: Capsules & Slime Layers

  • The Glycocalyx: Capsules & Slime Layers
    02:26
  • Capsules vs. Slime Layers
    01:53

Introduction to Biofilms

  • Introduction to Biofilms
    03:31

Pili

  • Sex Pilus
    03:29
  • Cell Motility by Pili
    02:59
  • Pili
    01:02

Fimbriae & Hami

  • Fimbriae & Hami
    01:52
  • Hami
    01:51

Introduction to Prokaryotic Flagella

  • Types of Flagellar Distribution on Bacteria
    05:22
  • Introduction to Prokaryotic Flagella
    02:07

Prokaryotic Flagellar Structure

  • Structure of Gram-Positive Basal Body
    02:28
  • Prokaryotic Flagellar Structure
    02:53
  • Gram-Negative vs. Gram-Positive Basal Body Structure
    01:59

Prokaryotic Flagellar Movement

  • Prokaryotic Flagellar Movement
    02:43
  • Runs and Tumbles
    03:17

Chemotaxis

  • Cell Motility During Chemotaxis
    05:11
  • Chemotaxis
    03:21

Prokaryotic Ribosomes

  • Prokaryotic Ribosomes
    01:51
  • Structure of Prokaryotic Ribosomes
    08:39

Introduction to Bacterial Plasmids

  • Episomes
    01:47
  • Introduction to Bacterial Plasmids
    02:52

Cell Inclusions

  • Cell Inclusions
    05:20

Endospores

  • Endospores
    05:35
  • Endospore Structure
    03:08

Sporulation

  • Sporulation
    04:08

Germination

  • Germination
    02:59

Mitosis & Meiosis

  • Meiosis
    05:17
  • Mitosis
    03:58
  • How to Remember the Order of the Phases of Mitosis
    02:27

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

  • Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
    03:45
  • Eukaryotic Ribosomes
    05:51
  • Map of the Lesson on Eukaryotic Organelles
    02:04

Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion

  • Golgi Apparatus
    06:02
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
    06:07
  • Nucleus
    06:32

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

  • Central Vacuole
    03:35
  • Lysosome & Peroxisome
    05:38

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

  • Chloroplasts
    03:16
  • Chloroplast Structure
    03:49
  • Mitochondria Structure
    04:45

Endosymbiotic Theory

  • Endosymbiotic Theory
    07:29

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

  • Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
    06:05

Eukaryotic Cilia & Flagella

  • Eukaryotic Cilia & Flagella Motility
    01:59
  • Eukaryotic Cilia & Flagella
    02:36

The Griffith Experiment

  • The Griffith Experiment
    08:56

The Hershey-Chase Experiment

  • The Hershey-Chase Experiment
    03:59
  • Bacteriophages
    03:44

Chargaff's Rules

  • Chargaff's Rules
    04:33

Discovering the Structure of DNA

  • Detailed DNA Structure
    06:24
  • Discovering the Structure of DNA
    04:41

Meselson-Stahl Experiment

  • Meselson-Stahl Experiment
    09:03

Introduction to DNA Replication

  • Unwinding the DNA:Topoisomerase, Helicase & SSBs
    05:10
  • Components of DNA Replication
    04:47
  • Origin of Replication
    03:33

DNA Polymerases

  • DNA Polymerase Distinguishes Template from New Strand via Methylation
    03:47
  • DNA Polymerases Requirements
    05:03
  • DNA Polymerases
    04:01

Leading & Lagging DNA Strands

  • Leading & Lagging DNA Strands
    05:15

Steps of DNA Replication

  • Steps of DNA Replication
    09:29

DNA Repair

  • DNA Repair
    03:20
  • DNA Proofreading & Repair Enzymes
    02:12

Central Dogma

  • Central Dogma
    05:45

Introduction to Transcription

  • Overview of Transcription
    07:44
  • Introduction to Transcription
    05:51

Steps of Transcription

  • Elongation of Transcription
    02:44
  • Initiation of Transcription
    04:16
  • Elongation of Transcription
    04:01

Transcription Termination in Prokaryotes

  • Transcription Termination in Prokaryotes
    04:17

Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing

  • Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing
    02:32
  • 2) RNA Splicing Creates Mature mRNA
    08:44
  • 1) RNA Processing
    04:19

Introduction to Types of RNA

  • Introduction to Types of RNA
    07:20

Genetic Code

  • How to Use the Genetic Code
    11:39
  • Genetic Code
    01:28

Introduction to Translation

  • Ribosomal tRNA Binding Sites
    06:16
  • Ribosome Subunits
    08:42
  • Introduction to Translation
    06:12

Steps of Translation

  • Elongation of Translation
    04:59
  • Termination of Translation
    02:16
  • Steps of Translation
    05:03

Review of Transcription vs. Translation

  • Review of Transcription vs. Translation
    04:07

Prokaryotic Gene Expression

  • Location of Transcription & Translation
    03:17
  • Simultaneous Transcription & Translation in Prokaryotes
    03:34
  • Prokaryotic Sigma (σ) Factors
    05:00

Review of Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Gene Expression

  • Review of Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Gene Expression
    05:30

Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression

  • Positive vs Negative Gene Regulation
    02:17
  • Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
    06:40

Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons

  • Inducible Operons
    04:25
  • Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons
    00:53
  • Repressible Operons
    03:42

The Lac Operon

  • In the Absence of Lactose
    04:34
  • The Lac Operon
    07:06
  • In the Presence of Lactose
    03:56

Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon

  • Positive Control by cAMP & CRP
    08:32
  • Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon Example 1
    06:20
  • Glucose Levels, cAMP, & the Lac Operon
    05:58

The Trp Operon

  • In the Presence of Tryptophan
    03:11
  • The Trp Operon
    05:30
  • In the Absence of Tryptophan
    03:42

Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon

  • Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon
    06:24

Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

  • Map of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
    04:22
  • Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
    03:47

Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications

  • Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications
    03:55
  • Histone Acetylation
    04:14
  • DNA Methylation
    03:39

Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control

  • Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control
    03:32
  • Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control
    03:51
  • Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control
    03:57

Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation

  • Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation
    01:56
  • 3) RNA Interference
    04:16
  • 1) Alternative RNA Splicing
    05:17

Post-Translational Modification

  • Post-Translational Modification
    04:26

Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation

  • Protein Ubiquitination
    02:45
  • Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation
    03:55

Introduction to Microbial Genetics

  • Map of the Lesson on Microbial Genetics
    02:04
  • Introduction to Microbial Genetics
    04:20

Introduction to Mutations

  • Spontaneous vs. Induced Mutations
    02:47
  • Introduction to Mutations
    00:37
  • Types of Mutations
    08:44

Methods of Inducing Mutations

  • Chemical Mutagens
    05:13
  • Radiation Mutagens
    02:55
  • Methods of Inducing Mutations
    03:19

Prototrophs vs. Auxotrophs

  • Prototrophs vs. Auxotrophs Example 1
    01:54
  • Prototrophs vs. Auxotrophs
    07:37

Mutant Detection

  • Mutant Detection
    06:49
  • Replica Plating
    05:36

The Ames Test

  • The Ames Test
    06:59

Introduction to DNA Repair

  • Introduction to DNA Repair
    02:47

DNA Repair Mechanisms

  • Nucleotide Excision Repair
    03:31
  • SOS Repair System
    03:50
  • Photoreactivation
    02:29

Horizontal Gene Transfer

  • Fates of Horizontally Transferred DNA
    03:13
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer
    04:42
  • Integration of DNA via Homologous Recombination
    02:52

Bacterial Transformation

  • Bacterial Transformation
    03:06
  • Mechanism of Natural Transformation
    03:49

Transduction

  • Generalized Transduction
    04:24
  • Transduction
    06:49
  • Specialized Transduction
    06:34

Introduction to Conjugation

  • Introduction to Conjugation
    04:21

Conjugation: F Plasmids

  • F Plasmids
    05:57
  • Mechanism of F Plasmid Conjugation in E. coli
    04:12

Conjugation: Hfr & F' Cells

  • F’ Cell Conjugation
    04:31
  • Hfr Cell Conjugation
    09:41

Genome Variability

  • Phage DNA
    01:44
  • Genome Variability
    01:59
  • Genome Variability
    03:18

CRISPR CAS

  • CRISPR CAS
    07:43

Introduction to Viruses

  • General Structure of Viruses
    04:47
  • Three Common Shapes of Viruses
    03:19
  • Enveloped vs. Non-Enveloped Viruses
    05:09

Introduction to Bacteriophage Infections

  • Map of Lesson on Bacteriophage Infections
    03:52
  • Productive vs. Latent State Infections
    04:09
  • Lytic & Lysogenic Bacteriophages
    04:34

Bacteriophage: Lytic Phage Infections

  • Bacteriophage: Lytic Phage Infections
    04:58

Bacteriophage: Lysogenic Phage Infections

  • Bacteriophage: Lysogenic Phage Infections
    05:27
  • Lysogenic Conversion
    03:37

Bacteriophage: Filamentous Phage Infections

  • Bacteriophage: Filamentous Phage Infections
    04:18

Plaque Assays

  • Plaque Assays
    04:21

Introduction to Animal Virus Infections

  • Introduction to Animal Virus Infections
    02:33
  • Memorizing the Steps of Animal Virus Infections
    01:40

Animal Viruses: 1. Attachment to the Host Cell

  • Animal Viruses: 1. Attachment to the Host Cell
    03:12

Animal Viruses: 2. Entry & Uncoating in the Host Cell

  • Entry & Uncoating by Endocytosis
    02:29
  • Animal Viruses: 2. Entry & Uncoating in the Host Cell
    04:29
  • Entry & Uncoating of Enveloped Viruses by Membrane Fusion
    02:59

Animal Viruses: 3. Synthesis & Replication

  • Map of Lesson on Animal Virus Synthesis & Replication
    03:34
  • Types of RNA Virus Genomes
    10:46
  • Common Themes of All Virus Genomes
    02:58

Animal Viruses: DNA Virus Synthesis & Replication

  • Animal Viruses: DNA Virus Synthesis & Replication
    01:10
  • Replication of Single-Stranded DNA (ssDNA) Viruses
    04:12
  • Replication of Double-Stranded DNA (dsDNA) Viruses
    03:58

Animal Viruses: RNA Virus Synthesis & Replication

  • Animal Viruses: RNA Virus Synthesis & Replication
    01:30
  • Replication of (+) Single Strand RNA (ssRNA) Viruses
    03:52
  • Replication of Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
    04:28

Animal Viruses: Antigenic Drift vs. Antigenic Shift

  • Animal Viruses: Antigenic Drift vs. Antigenic Shift
    05:27

Animal Viruses: Reverse-Transcribing Virus Synthesis & Replication

  • Animal Viruses: Reverse-Transcribing Virus Synthesis & Replication
    04:28

Animal Viruses: 4. Assembly Inside Host Cell

  • Animal Viruses: 4. Assembly Inside Host Cell
    04:26

Animal Viruses: 5. Release from Host Cell

  • Release of Non-Enveloped Viruses
    02:34
  • Release of Enveloped Viruses
    05:08

Acute vs. Persistent Viral Infections

  • Acute Viral Infections
    03:29
  • Persistent Viral Infections
    05:12
  • Acute vs. Persistent Viral Infections
    02:59

Viroids

  • Viroids
    03:49

Prions

  • Prion Development in Neurons Leads to Scrapie
    04:00
  • Prions
    03:05

Biofilms

  • Quorum Sensing
    04:13
  • Steps of Biofilm Development
    04:32
  • Biofilms
    03:14