Q: Which formula best represents the calculation of white blood cell count increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for meningitis diagnosis?

$$ \text{WBC}_{\text{CSF}} = \text{WBC}_{\text{normal}} + \Delta \text{WBC} $$

Question 1

A 12-year-old boy presents with multiple tan papules on his fingers that are painless and not inflamed. Over time, the number of papules has increased. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Papillomavirus

Question 2

Which of the following statements about papillomavirus infections is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Some strains of papillomavirus can trigger oncogenes and cause cancer.

Question 3

A patient presents with smooth, enlarged, reddened, and painfully inflamed lymph nodes. What is the term for these nodes, commonly seen in bubonic plague?

Accepted Answer

Buboes

Question 4

Hansen’s disease is the clinical name for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Leprosy

Question 5

Which term describes a disease of animals that is transmitted to humans?

Accepted Answer

Zoonosis

Question 6

A 20-year-old army recruit presents with fever, chills, severe headache, stiff neck, and a petechial rash. He skipped immunization day. Lumbar puncture shows increased WBCs. What is the most likely causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a common causative agent of bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

A 27-year-old female presents with a rapidly progressing, painful wound that is red and swollen but not black or gassy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Necrotizing fasciitis

Question 9

Which organism is most commonly responsible for necrotizing fasciitis?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 10

What is the recommended initial treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

Accepted Answer

Immediate surgical removal of dead tissue and IV antibiotics

Question 11

Which of the following is the best prevention strategy for necrotizing fasciitis caused by S. pyogenes?

Accepted Answer

Thorough washing of any skin opening

Question 12

A patient presents with difficulty breathing, fever, tachycardia, and a new heart murmur. She admits to recent IV drug use. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Endocarditis

Question 13

Besides IV drug users, which group is at high risk for endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Patients with abnormal heart valves or congenital heart defects

Question 14

Which of the following is the clinical name for a boil?

Accepted Answer

Furuncle

Question 15

Which of the following viruses is most commonly associated with viral meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Coxsackie A virus

Question 16

A fungal cause of meningitis is most likely due to which organism?

Accepted Answer

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic members of the normal microbiota can cause meningitis.

Question 18

Papillomaviruses can spread among locations on the same body. Which mechanism best explains this?

Accepted Answer

Autoinoculation via direct contact with infected skin

Question 19

A patient with a rapidly progressing wound infection is found to have S. pyogenes. If the infection is not treated promptly, which of the following is a likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Systemic toxicity and multi-organ failure

Question 20

Which formula best represents the calculation of white blood cell count increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for meningitis diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{WBC}_{	ext{CSF}} = 	ext{WBC}_{	ext{normal}} + \Delta 	ext{WBC} $$

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