Question 1

Which of the following best describes how you could determine whether an unknown respiratory chain is from a bacterium or from a eukaryotic mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Measure if a gradient of pH can be produced under different conditions.

Question 2

Which of the following reactions is carried out by methanogenic Archaea?

Accepted Answer

CO$_2$ is reduced to CH$_4$ using electrons from H$_2$.

Question 3

An amoebiasis called 'meltdown' kills the host by releasing ingredients: an arculin, O$_2$-carbohydrase, and metronidazole. How does the metronidazole act?

Accepted Answer

The drug damages DNA in anaerobic organisms.

Question 4

The mitochondrial DCCD blocks proton flow through the F$_0$ portion of the F$_1$F$_0$ ATP Synthase. What is the result?

Accepted Answer

The cell would be unable to synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a part of the updated (modern) 'Central Dogma' of Biology?

Accepted Answer

Protein makes DNA

Question 6

During a reaction in the electron transport chain, an electron acceptor ______.

Accepted Answer

must be less reduced than the electron donor

Question 7

Compared to a dry surface, an oily surface ______.

Accepted Answer

is likely to require a longer and more robust treatment time for disinfection

Question 8

The following segment of double-stranded DNA is transcribed using the sigma factor $\sigma^{70}$, which recognizes a consensus 'TTGACA' at -35 and 'TATAAT' at -10. Which strand is the template, and in what direction is it read?

Accepted Answer

The bottom strand is the template, read 3' to 5'.

Question 9

Lactococcus and Streptococcus both carry out fermentation reactions that are used in the production of foods. What is the main product of their fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 10

There are 61 coding codons, but only 45 tRNAs. How can 45 tRNAs recognize 61 codons?

Accepted Answer

The third base in the codon can wobble and pair imprecisely with the anticodon.

Question 11

Which of the following medical instruments is NOT matched properly with an antimicrobial method that could be used to clean it?

Accepted Answer

Surgical scalpel - quaternary ammonium salt (QUAT)

Question 12

The enzyme DNA polymerase ______.

Accepted Answer

adds a new nucleotide to the 3' end of an existing nucleotide

Question 13

The problem in 'catabolite repression' is that the presence of glucose inhibits the use of other sugars. The sugar tetralose binds to a repressor protein, and the repressor binds to the motif gene's inhibitor, and the motif gene is inhibited. What is the control protein?

Accepted Answer

A repressor protein

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the translocation reaction during protein translation?

Accepted Answer

It moves the tRNA from the A site to the P site.

Question 15

Which of the following sequences is considered a palindrome?

Accepted Answer

$\text{GAATTC}$

Question 16

Why is the lagging strand at a replication fork replicated in short fragments?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 17

What is the correct order for the three steps in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), starting with a double stranded DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Denature the DNA, anneal the primers, replicate the DNA

Question 18

A chronic virus ______.

Accepted Answer

causes a new infection after a long time without symptoms

Question 19

How do some algae cause paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans?

Accepted Answer

They produce neurotoxins that are concentrated by filter feeders.

Question 20

Which of the following is prescribed to treat anaerobic bacterial infections and infections caused by flagellated protozoans such as Giardia?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole

Microbiology Exam II: Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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