Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the number of neutrons in an atom?

$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number}$

Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the molarity ($M$) of a solution?

$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$

Question 1

Which of the following individuals is credited with disproving the theory of spontaneous generation through his famous swan-neck flask experiment?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 2

Which domain includes organisms that are prokaryotic and often found in extreme environments such as hot springs and salt lakes?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 4

A scientist discovers a new microorganism that lacks a nucleus, has peptidoglycan in its cell wall, and reproduces by binary fission. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial endospore?

Accepted Answer

It enables bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

Accepted Answer

They can reproduce independently outside a host cell.

Question 7

Which scientist is known for developing a set of postulates used to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease?

Accepted Answer

Robert Koch

Question 8

Gram-positive bacteria differ from Gram-negative bacteria in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Prions are infectious proteins that cause diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation, Release

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between active transport and passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

Question 13

Which scientist introduced the practice of handwashing in medical settings, significantly reducing the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Motility

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the molarity ($M$) of a solution?

Accepted Answer

$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A polymer of sugars and amino acids forming a mesh-like layer

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a process involved in the four basic life processes of cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 18

Which scientist is credited with the development of the first vaccine, using cowpox to protect against smallpox?

Accepted Answer

Edward Jenner

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the three domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic, while Eukarya are eukaryotic.

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to most other bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It contains mycolic acids in its cell wall.

Microbiology Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Review

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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