Question 1

Which of the following best describes 'microbial antagonism'?

Accepted Answer

The process by which microbes compete with each other for nutrients and space, inhibiting the growth of potential pathogens.

Question 2

Which antibacterial chemical is present in tear fluid and helps protect the eyes from infection?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of bacteria

Question 4

Arrange the following stages of phagocytosis in the correct order:

1. Ingestion
2. Chemotaxis
3. Digestion
4. Adherence

Accepted Answer

2, 4, 1, 3

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of an agranulocyte?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 6

Which of the following lists includes only white blood cells (leukocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 7

Which white blood cell becomes a macrophage after leaving the bloodstream and entering tissues?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 8

The components of the second line of defense against microbes can be characterized as:

Accepted Answer

Cellular and chemical barriers that act after pathogens breach the first line of defense

Question 9

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because:

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the replication of some viruses and enhances the activity of immune cells

Question 10

Which substance contributes most to the edema (swelling) associated with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Question 11

A walled-off site of infection containing fluid made of dead and dying tissue cells, leukocytes, and pathogens is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An abscess

Question 12

Aspirin acts to decrease the symptoms of inflammation by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 13

Chemotaxis is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus

Question 14

Opsonization is a process in which:

Accepted Answer

Pathogens are coated with molecules that enhance their recognition and ingestion by phagocytes

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the first line of defense against microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

Intact skin

Question 16

The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of:

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Question 17

Which of the following is included in the second line of defense against invading microbes?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytic white blood cells

Question 18

The immune response that is specific to particular pathogens and improves with subsequent exposure is known as:

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Question 19

During an infection with parasitic worms, which white blood cells increase in number?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 20

A patient presents with a fever, swelling, and redness at the site of a bacterial infection. Which sequence of immune responses is most likely occurring?

1. Release of histamine
2. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
3. Migration of phagocytes to the site
4. Phagocytosis of bacteria

Which is the correct order?

Accepted Answer

1, 2, 3, 4

Microbiology Final Exam Review: Innate Immunity and Host Defenses

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