Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of molecular weight for a compound with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ (glucose)?

$$6 \times 12 + 12 \times 1 + 6 \times 16$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why scientific names are used in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

They provide a universal system to avoid confusion caused by local or common names.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After Gram staining, the cells appear pink. Which of the following best explains this result?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an acid-fast bacterium, which resists decolorization by acid-alcohol and does not retain the crystal violet stain.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic membranes often contain sterols, while prokaryotic membranes usually do not.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 5

A hospital is investigating an outbreak of a new infectious disease. Which type of epidemiologic investigation involves comparing a group of people who have the disease with a group who do not?

Accepted Answer

Analytical investigation

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 8

A scientist is using PCR to amplify a segment of DNA. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a PCR cycle?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation, annealing, extension

Question 9

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of fungi?

Accepted Answer

They have chitin in their cell walls.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of molecular weight for a compound with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ (glucose)?

Accepted Answer

$$6 	imes 12 + 12 	imes 1 + 6 	imes 16$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between spontaneous generation and biogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation states that living organisms arise from nonliving matter, while biogenesis states that living organisms arise from preexisting life.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

E. coli in the human intestine producing vitamin K for the host

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pattern of disease progression?

Accepted Answer

Incubation period, prodromal period, period of illness, period of decline, period of convalescence

Question 14

Which of the following statements about Gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides.

Question 15

A patient develops an infection after surgery while hospitalized. This infection is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of normal microbiota in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and space, helping to prevent infection.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct definition of a mole?

Accepted Answer

The amount of substance containing $$6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$ particles

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about viruses?

Accepted Answer

They require a host cell to replicate.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium acquiring a plasmid from another bacterium via conjugation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through cellular respiration

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