$$2.5 \times 10^3$ = 2500\ \mu g$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between serum and plasma in blood?

Accepted Answer

Serum is plasma without clotting factors, obtained after blood has clotted.

Question 2

Which structure is present in prokaryotes but absent in eukaryotes, and is responsible for motility?

Accepted Answer

Axial filament

Question 3

A bacterium is observed to move toward a source of glucose. This movement is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 4

Which of the following statements about Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and lack an outer membrane.

Question 5

Arrange the following microorganisms from smallest to largest: virus, bacterium, yeast, protozoan.

Accepted Answer

Virus \u003c Bacterium \u003c Yeast \u003c Protozoan

Question 6

Convert $$2.5$$ milligrams $$(mg) to $$micrograms $$(\mu g).$$

Accepted Answer

$$2.5 	imes 10^3$ = 2500\ \mu g$$

Question 7

After performing a Gram stain, a bacterium appears purple and is spherical in clusters. What is the correct description?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive staphylococcus

Question 8

Which byproduct is commonly produced during bacterial fermentation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 9

Where does the electron transport chain occur in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 10

Which of the following reactions is both catabolic and exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 11

A bacterium grows optimally at $$37^\circ C$$ and pH $$7. $$What term best describes its temperature and pH preference?

Accepted Answer

Mesophile and neutrophile

Question 12

Which enzyme protects bacteria from toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide ($$H_2O_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

Catalase

Question 13

Which method is most effective for sterilizing surgical equipment, including killing endospores?

Accepted Answer

Autoclaving at $$121^\circ C$$ for 15 minutes

Question 14

Which laboratory test is used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Broth dilution test

Question 15

A patient needs $$1\ mg of $$penicillin. The vial contains $$10\ mg/ml. $$What volume should be administered?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ mg \div 10\ mg/ml = 0.1\ ml$$

Question 16

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Alexander Fleming

Question 17

Which mechanism of action is associated with penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of cell wall synthesis

Question 18

Which term describes bacteria arranged in chains?

Accepted Answer

Strepto

Question 19

Which process allows bacteria to exchange DNA via a pilus?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 20

Which enzyme is used in recombinant DNA technology to join DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Microbiology Midterm Study Guide: Key Concepts and Applications (Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)

Study Guide - Practice Questions