Q: Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose in prokaryotes?

$ 1 \times C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6 \times O_2 \rightarrow 6 \times CO_2 + 6 \times H_2O + 38 \times ATP $

Question 1

Which scientist is credited with disproving the theory of spontaneous generation using a swan-neck flask experiment?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

The microorganism must be able to survive outside the host for at least 24 hours.

Question 4

Which of the following bases is NOT found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 5

A bacterial cell is observed to retain the primary stain after an acid-fast staining procedure. What does this indicate about the cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains mycolic acids in its cell wall.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$ 1 	imes C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6 	imes O_2 ightarrow 6 	imes CO_2 + 6 	imes H_2O + 38 	imes ATP $

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane that restricts drug entry.

Question 8

Which process is described by the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

A microbiologist is using the streak plate method. What is the primary purpose of this technique?

Accepted Answer

To isolate pure colonies from a mixed culture

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer of the cytoplasmic membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of bacterial capsules?

Accepted Answer

Protect against phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

It proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 15

Which of the following best describes competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

An inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of flagella in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Motility

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of binary fission?

Accepted Answer

A process where a bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

They lack enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase to detoxify reactive oxygen species.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about nitrogen fixation?

Accepted Answer

It is the process by which atmospheric $ N_2 $ is converted into ammonia ($ NH_3 $) by certain bacteria.

Question 20

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve do cells adjust to their environment and prepare for active division?

Accepted Answer

Lag phase

Microbiology Study Guide: Chapters 1–6 (Exam 1)

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