Question 1

Which of the following best describes the movement mechanism of Mastigophorans, and which organism is a common cause of vaginitis in humans?

Accepted Answer

They move using flagella; Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 2

A patient presents with a rapidly progressing, fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming in a warm freshwater lake. The causative agent is Naegleria fowleri. Which form of this organism is responsible for infecting humans, and how does it enter the body?

Accepted Answer

Trophozoite form; inhalation of contaminated water through the nose

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle stage with its location in the human host?

Accepted Answer

Sporozoite in the liver, merozoite in the blood

Question 4

Which of the following statements about fungal nutrition and cell wall composition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are heterotrophs and have cell walls made of chitin

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with tinea pedis. Which body part is affected, and what is the most likely causative organism?

Accepted Answer

Feet; dermatophyte fungi such as Trichophyton

Question 6

Candida auris is a major concern in healthcare settings because:

Accepted Answer

It is highly resistant to multiple antifungal drugs and can persist on surfaces, leading to hospital outbreaks

Question 7

Which structural feature of tapeworms is primarily responsible for attachment to the host's intestinal wall?

Accepted Answer

Scolex

Question 8

What is the common name for the disease caused by Enterobius vermicularis, and what is a key symptom?

Accepted Answer

Pinworm infection; perianal itching

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a naked virus?

Accepted Answer

A virus without an envelope, consisting only of nucleic acid and capsid

Question 10

Which step in the viral replication cycle is responsible for the release of new naked viruses from the host cell, and what is the typical outcome for the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysis; host cell is destroyed

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why antigenic shift in influenza A viruses can lead to pandemics?

Accepted Answer

It involves reassortment of gene segments, creating a novel virus to which humans have little immunity

Question 12

A patient presents with a maculopapular rash and Koplik's spots. Which virus is responsible, and what is a unique feature of its pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Measles virus; formation of syncytia

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV/HHV-4) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that infects B lymphocytes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2?

Accepted Answer

It is a spike glycoprotein that binds to the ACE2 receptor on human cells

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the transmission of West Nile Virus (WNV) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Birds are the main reservoir, and Culex mosquitoes transmit the virus to humans, who are dead-end hosts

Question 16

A patient develops genital warts and is diagnosed with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Which of the following statements is correct regarding HPV and its prevention?

Accepted Answer

Gardasil is a vaccine that protects against multiple strains of HPV, including those linked to cancer

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibody therapy for COVID-19?

Accepted Answer

Convalescent plasma is collected from recovered patients and contains a mixture of antibodies, while monoclonal antibodies are lab-produced and specific to one epitope

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the process of Schizogony in Plasmodium species?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{1 Schizont} ightarrow n 	ext{ Merozoites}$$

Question 19

A laboratory test detects the presence of viral RNA in a patient's nasopharyngeal swab. Which diagnostic method was most likely used, and what does a positive result indicate?

Accepted Answer

PCR test; the patient is currently infected with the virus

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Candida auris is difficult to eradicate from hospital environments?

Accepted Answer

It can persist on surfaces, is resistant to multiple antifungals, and can colonize both patients and equipment

Microbiology Study Guide: Eukaryotic Pathogens, Fungi, Helminths, and Viruses

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