Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between normal microbiota and the human host in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism, where both the microbiota and host benefit

Question 2

A patient presents with a disease that is constantly present in the population at a relatively stable rate. What is the term for this type of disease occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Endemic disease

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a step in Koch’s postulates for proving the cause of an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

The pathogen must be eliminated from the environment before disease can be confirmed.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity in most of a population, reducing the spread of disease

Question 5

A disease that develops rapidly but lasts only a short time is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Acute

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of vehicle transmission?

Accepted Answer

Eating contaminated food

Question 7

Which of the following is a predisposing factor that can increase susceptibility to disease?

Accepted Answer

Inherited traits such as the sickle cell gene

Question 8

A patient is infected with a virus but shows no noticeable signs or symptoms. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Subclinical disease

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Accepted Answer

Incidence measures new cases over a period of time; prevalence measures all cases at a given time.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a nosocomial infection?

Accepted Answer

A patient develops pneumonia after being hospitalized for surgery.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about microbial antagonism?

Accepted Answer

It is a competition between microbes that can protect the host from pathogens.

Question 12

A disease that is easily spread from one person to another is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Contagious

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of biological transmission by a vector?

Accepted Answer

A mosquito transmitting malaria after the pathogen reproduces inside it

Question 14

Which of the following is a sign, rather than a symptom, of disease?

Accepted Answer

Fever of $$39^\circC$$

Question 15

A patient develops a urinary tract infection after being treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for pneumonia. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Secondary infection

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

Accepted Answer

Publishing the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the analytical approach in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Comparing a diseased group and a healthy group to determine cause and risk factors

Question 18

Which of the following is a contributing factor to emerging infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with septicemia. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Growth of bacteria in the blood

Question 20

If the morbidity rate for a disease in a population of 100,000 people is 500 per year, what is the formula for calculating the morbidity rate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Morbidity Rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of people affected}}{	ext{Total population}} 	imes 100,000$$

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology: Pathology, Infection, and Disease

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