Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It protects the cell from dehydration, aids in adhesion, and helps with biofilm formation.

Question 2

A scientist observes a bacterium with a thick peptidoglycan layer, teichoic acids, and no outer membrane. Which type of cell wall does this bacterium possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram positive cell wall

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for transferring DNA from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 4

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in which part of a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of nutrients

Question 6

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for a bacterial cell with a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall, causing plasmolysis.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Endospores can survive for long periods in harsh conditions due to their resistant structure.

Question 8

Which genera of bacteria are known for their ability to produce endospores?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus and Clostridium

Question 9

Which of the following best describes passive transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances along their concentration gradient without requiring energy

Question 10

What is the main function of bacterial ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 11

Which cell component is primarily responsible for storing food, wastes, or gas vesicles in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Inclusion bodies

Question 12

A Gram negative bacterium is exposed to an antibiotic that disrupts the outer membrane. Which cell wall component is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bacterial sporulation?

Accepted Answer

Cell stops growing, DNA is replicated, small part of cell is engulfed, spore coat is formed, endospore is released

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found only in Gram positive bacteria and not in Gram negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Teichoic acids

Question 15

A bacterial cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water; the cell remains unchanged.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Short, protein bristle-like projections used for adhesion

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of water in a hypotonic solution for a cell with a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{inside} - \Psi_{outside} > 0$, water moves into the cell, but the cell wall prevents bursting.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

May provide survival advantage, such as antibiotic resistance

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding active transport in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 20

Which of the following cell components is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

ch 3

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