Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between the two prokaryotic domains, Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Archaea inhabit extreme environments and have unique membrane lipids, while Bacteria are found in more diverse environments.

Question 2

Which prokaryotic cell shape is described as spherical and is commonly found in clusters?

Accepted Answer

Coccus

Question 3

During binary fission in prokaryotes, which event occurs immediately after the DNA is replicated?

Accepted Answer

The cell elongates and the plasma membrane begins to constrict at the center.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic plasma membranes are highly permeable?

Accepted Answer

They allow for selective transport of molecules due to embedded proteins.

Question 5

A bacterium is found to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane. Which type of cell wall does it possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 6

Which extracellular structure in prokaryotes is primarily responsible for attachment to surfaces and biofilm formation?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 7

A patient is infected with a bacterium that survives harsh environmental conditions and resists disinfection. Which structure is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the process of ATP production during prokaryotic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes and are involved in protein synthesis.

Question 10

A scientist observes a prokaryotic cell with a capsule. What is the most likely function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Protection against phagocytosis and desiccation

Question 11

Which structure is directly involved in the transfer of genetic material between prokaryotic cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains the cell's genetic material in a region not surrounded by a membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major challenge posed by endospores in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions, making infections difficult to treat.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP

Question 15

A Gram-negative bacterium is identified in a clinical sample. Which feature distinguishes its cell wall from that of a Gram-positive bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

Question 16

Which structure allows prokaryotic cells to move toward or away from chemical stimuli, a process known as chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiotic theory supported by prokaryotic ribosome structure?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are similar to those found in mitochondria and chloroplasts, suggesting these organelles originated from prokaryotic cells.

Question 18

Which extracellular structure is most important for the formation of dental plaque by bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx

Question 19

A bacterium is observed to move in a corkscrew motion. Which cell shape and structure are most likely responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Spirillum shape with flagella

Question 20

Which process is described by the following equation: $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{C_2H_5OH} + 2\mathrm{CO_2$}$$?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for Microbiology

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