Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of recombinant DNA technology in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

To intentionally modify the genomes of organisms for practical purposes

Question 2

A scientist wants to produce human insulin using bacteria. Which tool of recombinant DNA technology is essential for inserting the human insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes

Question 3

Which of the following statements about reverse transcriptase is correct?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template

Question 4

A researcher is using PCR to amplify a DNA segment. Which of the following steps is NOT part of the PCR process?

Accepted Answer

Ligation

Question 5

Which of the following is a real-world application of CRISPR-Cas technology?

Accepted Answer

Inactivating or replacing target genes to potentially treat genetic diseases

Question 6

Why is cDNA generated from eukaryotic mRNA particularly useful for cloning in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It lacks introns, which prokaryotes cannot process

Question 7

Which of the following best explains how gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

By applying an electric field that moves negatively charged DNA toward the positive electrode, with smaller fragments moving farther

Question 8

A gene library is most accurately described as:

Accepted Answer

A collection of clones, each containing a fragment of an organism's genome

Question 9

Which of the following is a potential risk associated with the use of transgenic organisms in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Unintended gene transfer to wild species

Question 10

A patient is suspected of having a genetic disease caused by a specific mutation. Which recombinant DNA technique would be most useful for screening the patient's DNA for this mutation?

Accepted Answer

DNA microarray analysis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a natural method for inserting DNA into cells?

Accepted Answer

Electroporation

Question 12

A scientist wants to identify all the microorganisms present in a soil sample. Which modern technique would be most effective for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Next-generation sequencing

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the exponential amplification of DNA during PCR, where $n$ is the number of cycles and $N_0$ is the initial number of DNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

$N = N_0 	imes 2^n$

Question 15

Which of the following is a major ethical concern related to recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic privacy rights

Question 16

A researcher is using a DNA microarray to compare gene expression in healthy and cancerous cells. Which result would indicate a gene is upregulated in cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

The spot corresponding to the gene shows higher fluorescence in the cancer sample

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct application of synthetic nucleic acids in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Designing primers for PCR

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of a vector in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

A DNA molecule that delivers a gene into a cell

Question 19

A scientist is using Southern blotting to detect a specific DNA sequence. Which step must occur after gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of DNA fragments to a membrane and hybridization with a labeled probe

Question 20

Which of the following is a benefit of using transgenic plants in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance to pests and herbicides

Question 21

Which of the following is a plausible but incorrect statement about the use of recombinant DNA technology in medicine?

Accepted Answer

It can be used to create vaccines by introducing genes of pathogens into common cells

Recombinant DNA Technology: Principles, Tools, and Applications

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