Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To increase the rate of spontaneous mutations in wild populations

Question 2

A scientist wants to produce human insulin using bacteria. Which tool of recombinant DNA technology is essential for removing introns from the human insulin gene before inserting it into a bacterial plasmid?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the exponential increase in DNA molecules after $$n$$ cycles of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), starting with a single DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 4

A restriction enzyme recognizes the palindromic sequence $$5'	ext{GAATTC}3'$$ and cuts between G and A. What type of ends does this produce?

Accepted Answer

Sticky ends

Question 5

Which of the following is a property that makes plasmids useful as vectors in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They contain recognizable genetic markers

Question 6

A researcher uses a gene gun to insert DNA into plant cells. Which artificial method of DNA insertion does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Gene gun injection

Question 7

If a mutagen increases the mutation rate in a bacterial population from $$1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ to 1$$ 	imes $$10^{-5}$$ mutations per gene per generation, what is the fold increase in mutation rate?

Accepted Answer

$$10,000$$

Question 8

Which process is used to amplify the genome of an unknown pathogen for epidemiological studies?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 9

Why is cDNA generated from eukaryotic mRNA preferred for expression in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

cDNA lacks introns, allowing prokaryotes to express the protein correctly

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Introducing genes of pathogens into fruits and vegetables to stimulate immunological memory

Question 11

A patient’s blood sample is analyzed for the presence of a gene sequence unique to a pathogen. Which technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

Medical diagnosis using recombinant DNA technology

Question 12

Which of the following statements about gene libraries is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Gene libraries can contain cDNA complementary to mRNA

Question 13

In the context of cancer therapy, why is the hTERT promoter used to drive expression of a toxin gene in gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

It is only active in tumor and immortal cells, targeting cancer cells specifically

Question 14

Which of the following is a natural method for inserting DNA into cells?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 15

A DNA microarray is used to screen individuals for inherited diseases. What is the principle behind this technology?

Accepted Answer

It identifies specific DNA sequences by hybridization

Question 16

Which step in the PCR process involves heating the DNA to separate its strands?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 17

What is the main advantage of using restriction enzymes that produce sticky ends over those that produce blunt ends in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Sticky ends facilitate the ligation of DNA fragments from different sources

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

It joins DNA fragments together

Question 19

Environmental studies using recombinant DNA technology have revealed which of the following?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting allows identification of unculturable microorganisms

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct application of DNA fingerprinting?

Accepted Answer

Identifying individuals by their unique DNA sequence

Recombinant DNA Technology: Tools, Methods, and Applications

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