Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cleave DNA at specific sites, allowing for the creation of recombinant DNA by joining fragments.

Question 2

A scientist wants to identify all bacterial species present in a soil sample without culturing them. Which technique would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Next-generation sequencing to analyze DNA fingerprints

Question 3

Which equation best represents the microbial death rate when 90% of the population dies each minute?

Accepted Answer

$N_t = N_0 	imes (0.1)^t$

Question 4

Which of the following is a real-world application of gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

Replacing missing or defective genes with normal copies to treat genetic diseases

Question 5

Why do nonenveloped viruses have greater tolerance to harsh conditions compared to enveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

Their protein coat is less susceptible to chemical damage than lipid envelopes.

Question 6

A farmer wants to grow crops that are resistant to glyphosate (Roundup). Which genetic modification would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Insert a gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens that confers herbicide resistance.

Question 7

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Routine genetic screening and privacy rights

Question 8

What is the main challenge in gene therapy for treating diseases?

Accepted Answer

Getting a functioning gene into enough cells to affect the disease

Question 9

Which process is used to introduce genes from pathogens into fruits and vegetables to create edible vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Question 10

A patient specimen is tested for sequences unique to a certain pathogen. Which application of recombinant DNA technology does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Medical diagnosis

Question 11

Which of the following is a benefit of inserting the gene for $\beta$-carotene into rice?

Accepted Answer

Improved nutritional value by providing a vitamin A precursor

Question 12

Which technique would be most appropriate for separating DNA fragments by size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 13

Why might transgenic organisms trigger allergies or cause harmless organisms to become pathogenic?

Accepted Answer

Unforeseen gene transfer or expression in new hosts

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct application of functional genomics?

Accepted Answer

Determining the products of specific genes using gene knockout and overexpression

Question 15

A tomato plant is genetically modified to suppress the enzyme that breaks down pectin. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Tomatoes ripen on the vine and have increased shelf life

Question 16

Which of the following is a reason why milk eventually goes 'bad' despite being pasteurized?

Accepted Answer

Pasteurization does not kill all microorganisms; some survive and eventually grow.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a biomedical animal model?

Accepted Answer

Using mice to study human diseases and develop new diagnostic procedures

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential risk of natural genetic transfer from transgenic plants?

Accepted Answer

Genes could be delivered to other organisms, potentially creating new pathogens.

Question 19

Which equation would you use to calculate the number of surviving microorganisms after $t$ minutes if 90% die each minute, starting with $N_0$ organisms?

Accepted Answer

$N_t = N_0 	imes (0.1)^t$

Question 20

Which of the following is a method for introducing a novel gene into a cell using electrical current?

Accepted Answer

Electroporation

Recombinant DNA Technology: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

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