Question 1

Which structural component is unique to Gram-negative bacteria and contributes to their resistance against certain antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide outer membrane

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a spherical shape and forms clusters. Which term best describes its morphology?

Accepted Answer

Coccus

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 4

What is the primary chemical composition of bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 5

Which of the following statements best explains why biofilms are difficult to eradicate from medical devices?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms protect bacteria from detergents, antibiotics, and immune responses

Question 6

Which appendage is primarily responsible for bacterial motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 7

A patient develops a persistent infection after a catheter is inserted. Which microbial structure is most likely responsible for the persistence of this infection?

Accepted Answer

Biofilm

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Question 9

Which equation best represents the cross-linking in peptidoglycan structure?

Accepted Answer

$NAG - NAM - (peptide\ bridge) - NAM - NAG$

Question 10

Which bacterial structure is directly involved in horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 11

Why are Gram-positive bacteria generally more susceptible to lysozyme than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have exposed thick peptidoglycan layers

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of a bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Protection and adherence

Question 13

Which of the following bacteria is most likely to form endospores?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus

Question 14

A scientist isolates a prokaryote from a hot spring with unusual cell membrane lipids and no peptidoglycan in its cell wall. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the Gram stain procedure?

Accepted Answer

Crystal violet → Iodine → Alcohol → Safranin

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why biofilms can contain metabolically different cells?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms allow for gradients of nutrients and oxygen

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial glycocalyx (capsule)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

A researcher finds bacteria that survive boiling and remain dormant for years. Which structure is most likely responsible for this survival?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the domain Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have unique membrane lipids and ribosomal RNA

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of pelagic cells in biofilm formation?

Accepted Answer

Pelagic cells leave the biofilm to colonize new surfaces

Structure and Features of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea

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