Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes hormones for metabolic regulation

Question 2

Which component is responsible for moving blood through the lungs and linking with the gas exchange function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary circulation

Question 3

Which vessels serve as the main exchange system for gases, nutrients, and wastes in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 4

What is the typical pressure found in the arterial system of the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

$90-100\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg}$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes laminar blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Smooth, orderly pattern of fluid movement in a vessel

Question 6

Which heart valve type is primarily responsible for preventing backflow of blood?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular and semilunar valves

Question 7

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are the ventricles relaxed and filling with blood?

Accepted Answer

Diastole

Question 8

Which formula correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$CO = SV 	imes HR$

Question 9

According to the Frank-Starling mechanism, what happens when the end-diastolic volume (EDV) increases?

Accepted Answer

The heart contracts with greater force, increasing stroke volume

Question 10

Which vessel type acts as resistance vessels and control valves for blood entering capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 11

Which equation best describes the relationship between blood pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance?

Accepted Answer

$BP = CO 	imes PVR$

Question 12

A patient with severe right-sided heart failure presents with jugular vein distention. What is the physiological explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

Excess blood is pushed back into the veins due to distended atria

Question 13

Which hormone is a strong vasoconstrictor and plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 14

Which of the following substances is released during allergic reactions and increases blood vessel permeability?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Question 15

Which process describes the slow, adaptive enlargement of existing small vessels to bypass a chronic or gradual arterial occlusion?

Accepted Answer

Arteriogenesis

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filters fluid at lymph nodes and removes foreign particles

Question 17

Which pressure is created by plasma proteins and restrains fluid loss from capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Capillary colloidal osmotic pressure

Question 18

Which center in the medulla oblongata controls sympathetic-mediated acceleration of heart rate and blood vessel tone?

Accepted Answer

Vasomotor center

Question 19

Baroreceptors are stretch-sensitive receptors that primarily monitor which physiological parameter?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 20

A patient is exercising, leading to increased metabolic activity in skeletal muscle. Which local mechanism will increase blood flow to these tissues?

Accepted Answer

Endothelial relaxation and hyperemia

25 Patho

Study Guide - Practice Questions