$$ \text{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which bacterial shape is described as spherical?

Accepted Answer

Coccus

Question 3

A chain of rod-shaped bacteria is best described as which arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 4

What is the primary function of the glycocalyx in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protection against desiccation and phagocytosis

Question 5

How does the glycocalyx contribute to bacterial pathogenicity?

Accepted Answer

It helps bacteria evade the host immune system by inhibiting phagocytosis.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Motility through rotation

Question 7

Axial filaments are found in which group of bacteria and what is their function?

Accepted Answer

Spirochetes; movement by corkscrew motion

Question 8

Which statement correctly compares fimbriae and pili?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae are used for attachment, while pili are involved in DNA transfer during conjugation.

Question 9

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 10

How do antibiotics like penicillin target bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

By inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis in the cell wall

Question 11

What is the main function of the plasma membrane in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability and transport of materials

Question 12

Which equation best represents the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane} $$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using ATP

Question 14

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 15

Which internal cell structure is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 17

Which cell structure is involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Protection from phagocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of staphylococci?

Accepted Answer

Clusters of spherical cells

Study Guide: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions

Study Guide - Practice Questions