Question 1

Which of the following best describes the property of 'specificity' in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

It enables the immune system to target particular antigens with tailored responses.

Question 2

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through the placenta. What type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which immunoglobulin is the first to be expressed during an antibody response and is typically found as a pentamer?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 4

A patient experiences a severe allergic reaction after exposure to peanuts, resulting in systemic anaphylaxis. Which antibody is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of chemokines in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They induce migration of leukocytes to the infected area.

Question 6

A child receives a vaccine containing inactivated virus. What type of immunity does this confer?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 7

Which antibody class is found in secretions such as saliva, mucus, and milk, and helps protect mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 8

What is the role of the Fc region of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

It conveys a variety of properties to different antibody classes, such as complement activation and placental crossing.

Question 9

Which cell type is responsible for the cytolytic destruction of virally infected cells and cancer cells, using the same specificity as antibody surveillance?

Accepted Answer

CTL (Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes)

Question 10

A laboratory uses ELISA to detect the presence of a specific antibody in a patient's serum. Which of the following best describes the principle behind ELISA?

Accepted Answer

It uses monoclonal antibodies to bind specifically to the target antigen, producing a measurable color change.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding monoclonal antibodies?

Accepted Answer

They are identical antibodies produced by a single B cell clone and are highly specific for one epitope.

Question 12

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to maternal antibodies crossing the placenta. Which antibody class is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 13

Which of the following cytokines is primarily responsible for communication between leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Interleukins

Question 14

Which process describes the ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively upon second exposure to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

Memory

Question 15

A patient is exposed to a pathogen and develops immunity after recovering from the infection. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation → B cell activation → Plasma cell formation → Antibody production

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of antibody concentration in an ELISA assay, given absorbance ($A$) and standard curve slope ($m$)?

Accepted Answer

$C = \frac{A}{m}$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a property of the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is innate.

Question 19

A researcher observes that after exposure to a viral infection, certain cells release proteins that interfere with viral replication. Which cytokine is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Interferons

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why IgM is effective at agglutinating pathogens?

Accepted Answer

It is a pentamer, allowing it to bind multiple antigens simultaneously.

Study Guide: Specific Immune Response and Humoral Immunity ~ Chp 17

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