Question 1

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of fungi that distinguishes them from bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, glucans, and mannans.

Question 2

A scientist isolates a single-celled organism with a cell wall from a soil sample. Which test would best distinguish if it is a fungus rather than a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Test for the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between septate and coenocytic hyphae in fungi?

Accepted Answer

Septate hyphae have cross-walls dividing the cells, while coenocytic hyphae do not.

Question 4

Which process is unique to sexual reproduction in fungi and not found in asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains (karyogamy)

Question 5

A dimorphic fungus is most likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

It can switch between yeast-like and mold-like forms depending on temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following is a beneficial effect of fungi in industry or medicine?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibiotics such as penicillin

Question 7

Which type of fungal spore is produced asexually by fragmentation of septate hyphae?

Accepted Answer

Arthroconidium

Question 8

Which phylum of fungi is characterized by the production of sexual spores in a sac-like structure called an ascus?

Accepted Answer

Ascomycota

Question 9

Why are fungal infections (mycoses) often difficult to treat in humans?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are closely related to animals, so antifungal drugs can also harm human cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the mutualistic relationship in lichens?

Accepted Answer

The alga produces carbohydrates through photosynthesis, and the fungus provides protection and anchorage.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of algae?

Accepted Answer

They are always multicellular.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of algal blooms?

Accepted Answer

Release of toxins that can cause neurological disease in humans and animals

Question 13

Which of the following protozoa is responsible for causing malaria in humans?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 14

Which of the following statements about helminths is correct?

Accepted Answer

They may lack a digestive system and have a complex reproductive system.

Question 15

A tapeworm is classified as which type of helminth, and what is a defining feature?

Accepted Answer

Cestode; has a scolex with suckers for attachment

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of an arthropod vector in disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

It carries and transmits pathogenic microorganisms between hosts.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of biological transmission by an arthropod vector?

Accepted Answer

A mosquito transmitting malaria after the parasite multiplies inside it

Question 18

Which of the following adaptations allows fungi to grow on substrates such as bathroom walls and old newspapers?

Accepted Answer

Ability to grow in low moisture and metabolize complex carbohydrates

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct match between a fungal phylum and its sexual spore type?

Accepted Answer

Ascomycota – ascospore

Question 20

Which of the following is a harmful effect of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Causing systemic mycoses in immunocompromised patients

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths – Study Notes

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