Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell wall composition of fungi compared to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fungi have cell walls composed of glucans, mannans, and chitin, while bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why fungi can grow in environments with high sugar and salt concentrations?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are resistant to osmotic pressure, allowing them to survive in hypertonic environments.

Question 3

Which of the following is a medically important product derived from fungi and used to prevent organ transplant rejection?

Accepted Answer

Cyclosporine

Question 4

A patient with AIDS develops chronic diarrhea and keratoconjunctivitis. Which group of fungi is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Microsporidia

Question 5

Which type of mycosis is most likely to affect hair, skin, and nails, and is commonly known as ringworm or athlete’s foot?

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous mycosis

Question 6

Which phylum of algae is harvested for agar and carrageenan, and can live at greater depths than other algae?

Accepted Answer

Red algae

Question 7

Diatoms are unique among algae because they have cell walls made of which materials?

Accepted Answer

Pectin and silica

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the ecological role of algae in the environment?

Accepted Answer

They fix $$CO_2$$ into organic molecules and produce about 80% of Earth's $$O_2.$$

Question 9

Which protozoan genus is responsible for African sleeping sickness and is transmitted by the bite of a blood-feeding insect?

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma

Question 10

A waterborne outbreak of gastrointestinal illness is traced to a protozoan that is an obligate intracellular parasite and nonmotile. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Cryptosporidium

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic adaptation of parasitic helminths compared to free-living worms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced or absent locomotion

Question 12

Which class of arthropods includes vectors such as ticks and mites, and how many legs do they possess?

Accepted Answer

Arachnida; eight legs

Question 13

Which of the following best describes biological transmission by arthropod vectors?

Accepted Answer

The pathogen multiplies within the vector before being transmitted to a new host.

Question 14

Which of the following fungi is used in the production of bread, wine, and the hepatitis B vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 15

A patient presents with neurological symptoms after eating shellfish. Which algal toxin is most likely responsible, and which group produces it?

Accepted Answer

Domoic acid; diatoms

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why green algae are considered ancestors of terrestrial plants?

Accepted Answer

They have cellulose cell walls, chlorophyll a and b, and store starch.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of fungi compared to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fungi produce endospores for reproduction.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the definitive host in the context of vector-borne diseases?

Accepted Answer

The host in which the microbe's sexual reproduction takes place.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a fungal product and its application?

Accepted Answer

Aspergillus niger: production of citric acid

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why microsporidia are unique among fungi?

Accepted Answer

They lack mitochondria and are obligate intracellular parasites.

Chapter 12

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