Question 1

Which ribosomal site is responsible for holding the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 2

Which of the following is a difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose sugar

Question 3

During mRNA splicing, which component is removed from the pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Question 4

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It guides amino acids to the ribosome and directs their addition into the growing polypeptide

Question 5

Which sequence in prokaryotic mRNA helps the ribosome determine where to start translation?

Accepted Answer

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 6

If a ribosome shifts the reading frame by one nucleotide, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

A completely different amino acid sequence will be produced

Question 7

Which of the following codons is a start codon in eukaryotes, and what amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

AUG, codes for methionine

Question 8

What is the role of the wobble position in tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It allows for an unusual base pair to occur, increasing codon recognition flexibility

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE about mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It contains uracil instead of thymine

Question 10

A mutation changes a codon from UAU to UAA in an mRNA sequence. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely

Question 11

Which process ensures that the correct amino acid is added during translation?

Accepted Answer

The attachment between codon and anticodon

Question 12

How many possible codon combinations exist for the 20 amino acids?

Accepted Answer

64

Question 13

Which of the following statements about aminoacyl-tRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the adapter that translates a triplet codon to an amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 15

What is the main function of rRNA in the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It helps facilitate necessary ribosome assembly and function

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of translation initiation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 17

Why does an occasional readthrough of a stop codon not damage a cell?

Accepted Answer

Because the sequence is random and will contain another stop codon

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of possible codons given 4 nucleotides and codons of length 3?

Accepted Answer

$4^3$

Question 19

Which of the following is a similarity between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

Both are synthesized 5' to 3'

Question 20

A scientist is studying a mutation that affects the spliceosome. Which process will be most directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

mRNA splicing (removal of introns)

Translation and RNA: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms in Microbiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions