Q: Which of the following equations best represents the percentage of students required to receive bonus points on the final exam, given a class size of $$N$$ and $$n$$ students who complete the course evaluation?

$$\frac{n}{N} \times 100 \geq 75$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the etiological agent of syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative spirochete

Question 2

A patient presents with a painless ulcer on the genitalia. Which term best describes this lesion, and which stage of syphilis is it most commonly associated with?

Accepted Answer

Chancre; primary stage

Question 3

Which of the following is a major risk factor for HIV transmission in developing nations, as discussed in the context of sexually transmitted infections?

Accepted Answer

Chancroid

Question 4

A woman develops a frothy, greenish vaginal discharge, dysuria, and soreness. Wet mount microscopy reveals motile, flagellated protists. What is the most likely diagnosis and the recommended treatment?

Accepted Answer

Trichomoniasis; metronidazole

Question 5

Which of the following mechanisms contributes to increased resistance to antimicrobial treatments in vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Accepted Answer

Biofilm formation

Question 6

A newborn presents with nasal discharge containing blood and skin lesions 2 weeks after birth. The mother was not treated for syphilis during pregnancy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Congenital syphilis

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of syphilis progression in untreated individuals?

Accepted Answer

Primary stage → Secondary stage → Latent period → Tertiary stage

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why Treponema pallidum can evade the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It has very few surface antigens

Question 9

A patient with tertiary syphilis may present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Gumma lesions, heart damage, and neurological symptoms

Question 10

Which of the following treatments is recommended for all sexual partners of a patient diagnosed with syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin antibiotics

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic sign of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Accepted Answer

Cottage cheese-like discharge

Question 12

What is the most common complication of untreated congenital syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Blindness or deafness

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which Candida albicans causes tissue damage during infection?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of proteases by hyphal yeast

Question 14

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is most likely to be asymptomatic in both men and women?

Accepted Answer

Trichomoniasis

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with chancroid. Which of the following is the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 16

Which of the following is a recommended prevention strategy for congenital syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Routine screening of pregnant women

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the percentage of students required to receive bonus points on the final exam, given a class size of $$N$$ and $$n$$ students who complete the course evaluation?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{n}{N} 	imes 100 \geq 75$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom of secondary syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Gumma lesions

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why vulvovaginal candidiasis may become systemic?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans invades and colonizes the urinary tract and reproductive organs

Question 20

Which of the following treatments is most appropriate for a patient with painful genital ulcers and lymph node buboes in a developing nation?

Accepted Answer

Macrolide antibiotics

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections: Microbiology Study Notes

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