Question 1

Which of the following best describes the etiological agent of syphilis?

Accepted Answer

A Gram-negative spirochete, Treponema pallidum

Question 2

A patient presents with a painless ulcer on the genitalia that resolves in 4-6 weeks without treatment. Which stage of syphilis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Primary syphilis

Question 3

Which of the following is a major complication of untreated tertiary syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of gummatous lesions and neurological symptoms

Question 4

A newborn presents with nasal discharge containing blood and later develops palate deformities. The mother was not treated for a known infection during pregnancy. Which infection is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Congenital syphilis

Question 5

Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent congenital syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Routine screening and antibiotic treatment of pregnant women

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which Candida albicans causes vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Accepted Answer

Undergoes morphogenesis to a hyphal form, secretes proteases, and recruits neutrophils

Question 7

A woman presents with vaginal itching, burning, and a thick, white discharge. She recently completed a course of antibiotics. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans

Question 8

Which of the following is a key reason why Candida albicans infections can be difficult to treat?

Accepted Answer

It forms biofilms that increase resistance to antimicrobial treatments

Question 9

A patient presents with painful genital ulcers and swollen lymph nodes in a developing country. Which is the most likely causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 10

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is most commonly associated with increased risk of HIV transmission?

Accepted Answer

Chancroid

Question 11

A wet mount of vaginal discharge is most useful for diagnosing which of the following infections?

Accepted Answer

Trichomoniasis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the appearance of discharge in vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Accepted Answer

Cottage cheese-like

Question 13

Which medication is the first-line treatment for trichomoniasis?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole

Question 14

A patient with syphilis is treated with penicillin. Why is it important to also treat all sexual partners?

Accepted Answer

To prevent reinfection and further transmission

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why reinfection with syphilis can occur?

Accepted Answer

Treponema pallidum has very few surface antigens that stimulate an immune response

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing symptom of secondary syphilis?

Accepted Answer

Condylomata lata (wart-like genital lesions)

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between prevalence ($P$), incidence rate ($I$), and duration ($D$) of a chronic infection in a population?

Accepted Answer

$P = I 	imes D$

Question 18

A patient with a history of unprotected sex presents with frothy, greenish vaginal discharge, dysuria, and soreness. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the transmission route of Haemophilus ducreyi?

Accepted Answer

Sexual contact with an infected person's ulcers

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential complication of trichomoniasis during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Pre-mature labor and low-birth-weight babies

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections: Microbiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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