Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between antigen exposure and the secondary immune response?

$$Antibody_{secondary} = Antibody_{primary} \times k$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for a Type I (anaphylactic) hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Cross-linking of IgE antibodies on mast cells, resulting in degranulation and release of histamine

Question 2

A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops hemolysis due to antibodies against donor red blood cells. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Type II (Cytotoxic)

Question 3

Which vaccine type is most likely to provide long-lasting immunity with a single dose?

Accepted Answer

Live attenuated vaccine

Question 4

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which immunoglobulin class is primarily responsible for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why passive immunization provides immediate but short-lived protection?

Accepted Answer

It introduces preformed antibodies that are eventually degraded and not replaced

Question 6

A patient develops a rash 48 hours after contact with poison ivy. Which hypersensitivity type is involved, and what is the primary immune cell responsible?

Accepted Answer

Type IV; T cell

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine

Question 8

The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine works by introducing mRNA encoding which antigen?

Accepted Answer

The viral spike protein

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the immune response measured by the Mantoux tuberculin skin test?

Accepted Answer

Delayed T cell-mediated response (Type IV hypersensitivity)

Question 10

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develops kidney damage due to immune complex deposition. Which hypersensitivity type is this?

Accepted Answer

Type III (Immune complex-mediated)

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between antigen exposure and the secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$Antibody_{secondary} = Antibody_{primary} 	imes k$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a key advantage of passive immunization in a post-exposure scenario (e.g., rabies exposure)?

Accepted Answer

It provides immediate protection by supplying preformed antibodies

Question 13

Which of the following vaccines is an example of a subunit (antigenic fragment) vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B vaccine

Question 14

A patient with a history of jewelry allergy develops a rash after wearing a nickel earring. Which hypersensitivity type is this, and what is the typical time course?

Accepted Answer

Type IV; 12-48 hours

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why live attenuated vaccines are generally not recommended for immunocompromised individuals?

Accepted Answer

They may revert to a virulent form and cause disease

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Formation and deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between naturally acquired and artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired is from infection or exposure; artificially acquired is from vaccination

Question 18

A patient receives a tetanus toxoid vaccine. What type of vaccine is this, and what is the main component?

Accepted Answer

Toxoid; inactivated bacterial toxin

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of organ transplant rejection?

Accepted Answer

T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity response

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in the secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

They allow for a rapid and robust antibody response upon re-exposure to antigen

M4 - Vaccines and Hypersensitivities: Immunological Principles and Disorders

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