Question 1

Which of the following features distinguishes viruses from living cells?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack ribosomes and cannot synthesize proteins independently.

Question 2

A scientist is classifying a newly discovered virus. The genome is found to be single-stranded RNA that can be directly translated by host ribosomes. Which type of viral genome does this virus possess?

Accepted Answer

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA ($+ssRNA$)

Question 3

Which step in the viral replication cycle involves the separation of the viral nucleic acid from its protein coat?

Accepted Answer

Uncoating

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a persistent viral infection. Which of the following best describes this type of infection?

Accepted Answer

The virus remains in the host and continues to replicate at low levels, causing ongoing symptoms.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about prions?

Accepted Answer

Prions are abnormally folded proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a method used to grow viruses in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Growing viruses on nutrient agar plates.

Question 7

A virus is found to have an envelope with spike proteins. What is the primary function of these spike proteins?

Accepted Answer

They mediate attachment to specific host cell receptors.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack the cellular structures targeted by antibiotics, such as cell walls and ribosomes.

Question 9

Which enzyme is unique to retroviruses and is essential for their replication cycle?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 10

A virus is classified as a member of the family Retroviridae. Which of the following is a defining feature of this family?

Accepted Answer

They use reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into DNA.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the host range of a virus?

Accepted Answer

The spectrum of host cells a virus can infect and replicate in.

Question 12

Which of the following viruses is associated with the development of cancer in humans?

Accepted Answer

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Question 13

A latent viral infection is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The virus remains in host cells without active replication and may reactivate later.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a virus and the disease it causes?

Accepted Answer

HIV – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the viral capsid?

Accepted Answer

It protects the viral genome and determines the shape of the virus.

Question 16

A laboratory is using an ELISA assay to detect a viral infection. What is this assay detecting?

Accepted Answer

The reaction of viral antigens with specific antibodies.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about prion diseases is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are highly resistant to heat, radiation, and chemical disinfectants.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the multiplication of an enveloped animal virus?

Accepted Answer

Attachment → Entry → Uncoating → Biosynthesis → Maturation → Release by budding

Question 19

A patient develops neurological symptoms years after eating contaminated meat. Which infectious agent is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

A prion

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why some human viruses cannot be grown in animals?

Accepted Answer

The virus may require specific human cell receptors not present in animal cells.

Ch. 13

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