Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between viruses and prions?

Accepted Answer

Viruses contain nucleic acids, while prions are composed solely of proteins.

Question 2

Which structural feature distinguishes enveloped viruses from naked viruses?

Accepted Answer

Enveloped viruses possess a lipid bilayer surrounding their capsid.

Question 3

A virus is observed to have a capsid and no surrounding membrane. Which term best describes this virus?

Accepted Answer

Naked virus

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a step in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

Integration of viral DNA into the host genome

Question 5

During the lysogenic cycle, what happens to the viral genome?

Accepted Answer

It integrates into the host cell's DNA and remains dormant.

Question 6

Which step is unique to viral replication in animal cells compared to bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

Uncoating of the viral genome after entry

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a persistent viral infection. Which of the following best describes this type of infection?

Accepted Answer

The virus remains in the host for long periods, often with intermittent symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following viruses is most commonly associated with the development of cancer in humans?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 9

Which equation best represents the exponential increase in viral particles during the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 10

A scientist is studying a virus that can only replicate when its genome is integrated into the host cell's DNA. Which replication cycle is this virus most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Lysogenic cycle

Question 11

Which of the following statements about prions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prions are infectious proteins that lack nucleic acids.

Question 12

Which step occurs first in the replication of a bacteriophage during the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to the bacterial cell

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot carry out metabolism independently.

Question 14

A virus infects an animal cell and is released by budding. What is the likely structural characteristic of this virus?

Accepted Answer

It is an enveloped virus.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between viral replication in animal cells and bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

Animal viruses often enter cells by endocytosis or membrane fusion.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of viruses in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

Some viruses can integrate their genome into host DNA, disrupting normal cell regulation.

Question 17

A prion disease is most likely to affect which part of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible outcome of lysogenic conversion in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium acquires new traits, such as toxin production.

Question 19

Which formula would you use to calculate the number of viral particles after $$n$$ rounds of replication, starting with $$N_0$$ particles, if each round doubles the number?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells, distinguishing them from viruses and prions?

Accepted Answer

Cells can carry out metabolism independently.

Viruses and Prions: Structure, Replication, and Pathogenicity

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