Question 1

Which of the following best describes the minimal structural components required for a virus?

Accepted Answer

Protein and DNA or RNA

Question 2

Which instrument is most appropriate for identifying and visualizing viruses in a biological sample?

Accepted Answer

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about viral genomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Virus genomes contain either DNA or RNA, but not both.

Question 4

During the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage, how are new phage particles released from the host cell?

Accepted Answer

By lysis of the host cell

Question 5

Which step is unique to the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

Integration into the host chromosome

Question 6

What is the term for the time required to complete one lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Burst time

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered alive by most definitions?

Accepted Answer

They cannot reproduce without a host and do not carry out metabolism

Question 8

A virus with a segmented, linear, single-stranded RNA genome would be classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Segmented RNA virus

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a possible shape for a virus?

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of a positive impact of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Question 11

A scientist wants to determine the burst size of a bacteriophage. Which of the following best describes burst size?

Accepted Answer

The number of phages released per lysed host cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a virion?

Accepted Answer

A virus outside of a host cell

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the abundance of viruses on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Viruses outnumber microbial cells by about 10:1 in most environments.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, release

Question 15

A virus is found to have a genome that is double-stranded, circular, and contains DNA. Which of the following organisms could this virus most likely infect?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible reason why viruses are considered important in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

They can be used in CRISPR-Cas systems for gene editing

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the capsid in a virus?

Accepted Answer

It is a protein coat that protects the viral genome

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a step in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage replication?

Accepted Answer

Integration

Question 19

A virus is found to have a linear, segmented, single-stranded RNA genome. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

It is an RNA virus with a segmented genome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered to influence the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

They infect and lyse microbial cells, releasing organic matter

lec 18

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